28 The Languages of the Pacific. 
double or second existence.” In Maori we have the duplication of 
qvai in waiwai meaning “energy,” “intellectual force.’ The root i 
appears also in the Polynesian io, “the soul,” and in the Hawaiian 
to, reality, truth. (4) The last example I shall take is the word 
ruma, a house, which has been almost driven out of Polynesian by 
the word whare, (Hawaiian hale, Samoan fale), probably because 
it was the name or part of the name of some king or chief and had 
become fapu; we find it in Maori turwma, an outhouse, in Tahitian 
fareturuma, an out-house, and in Samoan Juma, a preposition mean- 
« 
ing “in front of’; this last shows the original sense of the word 
“space”; it was the space in front of a temple or a chief’s house, 
(whence a chief’s breakfast was called Jumaava, i.e. the drinking of 
ava before his house) ; from this it came to be used for “in front of.” 
It goes away west, varying in form in both senses of “space” or 
“cultivated plot” or “house.” In Java wma is an unirrigated rice 
field in the mountains, whilst rwima means “a house.” In Malekula in 
the New Hebrides when they make a new garden in the forest it is 
called wma; and right up the Malay peninsula into Assam “wma” 
is the name applied to cutting a space in the forest by felling the 
trees and burning the bush in order to sow seeds or plant tubers. 
Now in English we have the word “room” meaning “space,” (the 
older sense), and “apartment,” originally “house”; this in Gothic 
was rumas, free space, German Raum, Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon 
rum, this meant originally “a space cut in the forest for cultivation” 
as is seen in the Latin rus, “the open country”. The first form was 
rao, as is seen in German “Raum.” ‘The derivation is from the root 
ru, to fell, cut down, seen in such words as Latin ruina, downfall, 
and diruere, to pull down, and the affix ma. In Polynesian it is also 
derived from the root ru, to strike, to shake, to scatter, and the most 
common of all substantival affixes—ma. Whilst there exists also in 
Polynesian the word raorao, meaning “an open space free from 
trees,’ (Samoan) a part of the bush cleared for a plantation, ruma 
does not exist in Sanskrit. 
These are specimens taken at random out of many hundreds, 
if not thousands. With such wealth of affinity in the words and 
roots, such similarity in the original range of sounds and in the 
sound-laws between Polynesian and primeval Aryan, it is difficult 
[ 16 ] 
