Emory—An Archacological Survey of Haleakala 241 
One leg bone had been broken by the pressure of the overlaying 
stones. An examination by L. R. Sullivan showed that the remains 
were probably those of a female adult about 4 feet 11 inches in 
height and 35 years of age; the skull was of the Hawaiian type 
with some Melanesian characteristics. The teeth were slightly 
decayed and showed advanced pyorrhea in the molar region. An 
interesting feature of these remains is an area about the size of a 
silver dollar on the top of the skull, which represents a concussion 
from a blow that was evidently the cause of death. There seems 
to have been some knitting of the fractured bone, indicating that 
death was not instantaneous. 
It took four of us with good shovels 50 minutes to assemble 
the ahu. Two men with calabashes might have dug the pit, laid 
the sticks and body, filled the pit, gathered the stones and built up 
the structure in four hours, but probably a much longer time was 
taken. 
HALALII GROUP 
Adjoining Kamoa o Pele is’ the black cone of Halalii which 
includes two craters separated by a wall a hundred feet high. They 
must have been the seat of the most violent gaseous activity; the 
cinders and rocks, particularly of the smaller crater, are brightly 
colored, every hue from orange to purple. On exploration of the 
smaller crater on the northwest no trace of ancient structures was 
found. The larger crater differs from the craters of the other 
cones examined in that its slopes are broken by outcropping dikes 
of igneous rock. Some portions of the dikes overhang slightly, 
and in the shelter thus afforded a series of terraces have been con- 
structed. (See map, fig. 3.) The crater is most easily accessible 
from the northeast, but the approach from the spatter cone, Pa 
Puaa o Pele, between Kamoa o Pele and Halalii leads to the 
Tuins of a treble terrace (fig. 3, 4) which lies on the west rim. 
This terrace is 36 feet long with a break of three feet in the mid- 
dle. The top step is 1 foot high along the front and is level 
with the outside of the crater rim. The two lower steps are 
26 inches wide and 1% and 2 feet high, respectively. -It is per- 
haps significant that from this terrace one may observe all other 
structures within the crater. 
