254 CHIEOPTEBA, 



A. Crowns of the molar teeth with a 



longitudinal furrow, not tubercular ; 

 second or index finger with three 

 phalanges besides the metacarpal 

 bone, and generally terminating in 

 a claw (in all Indian genera except 

 Eonycteris) ;the two margins of each 

 ear-conch meeting at the base. Fru- 



givorous I. Megachiroptera. 



Pteropodidae. 



B. Crowns of the molar teeth acutely 



tubercular, with transverse furrows ; 

 second or index finger with a single 

 rudimentary phalanx (in Rldnopoma 

 only Avith two phalanges) and claw- 

 less ; the two margins of each ear- 

 conch arising from the head 

 separately. Carnivorous, and, for 



the most part, insectivorous II. Microchiroptera. 



a. Tail contained within the inter- 

 femoral membrane, or \ery little 

 produced beyond its hinder mar- 

 gin. First phalanx of middle 

 finger extended, in repose, in a 

 line with the metacarpal bone. 

 a'. Tragus none, a complicated nose- 

 leaf Rhinolophidae. 



b' . Tragus present, a nose-leaf .... Nycteridge. 

 c' . Tragus present, no nose-leaf .... Vespertilionidae. 

 h. Tail perforating the interfemoral 

 membrane and appearing on its 

 upper surface, or produced con- 

 siderably beyond the truncated 

 membrane ; first phalanx of 

 middle finger folded, in repose, 

 on the dorsal surface of the meta- 

 carpal bone. 

 a . Two osseous phalanges (besides 

 metacarpal bone) in middle 

 finger. Tragus distinct, no 



nose-leaf Emballonuridae. 



b'. Three phalanges in middle finger. Phyllostomatidae 



(American) . 



All of the families except the Phi/llostomatidce are represented in 

 India. 



The measurements of bats are in almost every case taken from 

 specimens preserved in alcohol. Like all other mammals, bats vary 

 considerably iu their dimensions, the figures quoted being, wlu'u 

 several measurements are available, those of an average specimen. 



Bats are known generally as C/iamr/idar in Hindi ; Shab-par or 

 Shab-paraJc in Dakhani ; Ohanu/uddri, Bengali ; Ch'uhja at Bha- 

 gulpur ; Chutii bat'dwi in Ho Kol ; Gabbelai or Jiburai, Telcgu ; 

 Kauka-jnUi, Canarese ; Vulhd, Cingalese; Phii/u lomjtd, Bhotia; 

 Brin, Lepcha; Soshiro, PhaJcaranf/, and Sepcha, Naga. These 

 names are used for all species of Microchiroptera. 



