268 



bhinolophiu.t:. 



The greatly developed laose-leaf is evidently an organ of special 

 perception akin to touch * ; the variations in the form of this 

 appendage are characteristic of the different species. The Khino- 

 lophida; are more nocturnal and less crepuscular than other insecti- 

 vorous Chiroptera a circumstance perhaps connected with the 

 development of the nose-leaf. 



Fig. 80. — A. Head of RhinolophuA nffinis. nat. size. B. Nose-leaf of 7i. hippo- 

 siderus, xf. C. Nose-loaf of Hipposidcrus armiger, x2. a. Anterior 

 nose-leaf ; p, posterior nose-leaf ; s, sella. 



The family is found throughout the temperate and tropical parts 

 of the Eastern hemisphere and Australia, but not in Polynesia 

 east of New Guinea, nor in America. It is divided into two 

 subfamilies : — 



First toe with two, remaining toes \^ith three 

 joints each ; a distinct antitragus separated by 

 a notch from the outer margin of the ear . Khinolopliince. 

 All the toes with two joints; no notch separating the 



antitragus froaa the outer margin of the ear. Ilvpposiderincc. 



It may be useful to repeat here that the measurements of bats, 

 mostly taken, with other details, from Dobson's work, are from 

 alcoholic specimens. 



Subfamily RHINOLOPHINtE. 



Geuus RHINOLOPHUS, Desm. (1803). 



The only genus in the subfamily. The nose-leaf is large and 

 perfect, all three parts (anterior, median, and posterior) being well 

 developed ; the anterior is horseshoe-shaped, usually with a deep 

 incision in the middle in front, and rests flatly on the muzzle, the 

 nostrils opening one inside each arm of the horseshoe ; between 

 and behind the nostrils the median nose-leaf or sella commences, 

 the anterior portion being flat or recumbent on the nose, the con- 

 tinuation is then bent up and becomes an erect process, rising 

 vertically from the face and coiisisling in most cases of two lamella? 

 at right angles to each other, the anterior transverse, the posterior 

 longitudinal ; the latter usually forms a connecting-process and 



* ITiiiton observed that wlieu the animals were di.sturbed the nose-leaves of 

 several Uldnolophidce were kept in a stale of constant agitation. 



