CEBVFLUS. 531 



there is a swelling, the " burr," at the base of the deciduous portion. 

 The tine immediately above the burr is the " brow tine" or " brow 

 antler;" and in most Indian deer this is the only tine developed, 

 except near the end of the horn. But in the Elaphine group of 

 deer, to which Cervus cashmirianns belongs, there are two more tines 

 springing from the beam above the brow tine, the second being 

 known as the " bez " and the third as the " tres " (pronounced bey 

 and trey); by many writers the tres is called the " royal." The 

 terminal tines ai*e known collectively as the " crown," and if they 

 are three in number on each horn the stag is termed " royal." 

 The inner angle between the brow tine and the beam is sometimes 

 called the " axil." 



Subfamily CERVINE. 



No gall-bladder. Two orifices to the lachrymal canal, both on 

 the margin of the orbit. Hemispheres of brain considerably con- 

 voluted. Cotyledons of placenta distributed over the surface. 



The arrangement of Sir V. Brooke (P. Z. S. 1878, p. 889), here 

 followed, divided the deer into Plcsiometacarpi, with the proximal 

 ends of the lateral metacarpals remaining, and Telemetacarjri, with 

 the distal ends only. The two Indian genera belong to the first- 

 named, and may readily be discriminated thus : — 



Short horns, pedicels as long as antlers or longer. No pha- 

 langes to lateral digits Cervulus. 



Long horns on short pedicels. Bony phalanges of lateral 



digits present Cervus. 



Genus CERVULUS, Blainville (1816). 



Syn. Stylocerus, H. Smith (1827) ; Frox, Ogilby (18-36) ; Muntjacus, 

 Gray (1843). 



Antlers not exceeding half the length of the head, on pedicels as 

 long as themselves or longer. A very short brow antler, the beam 

 above undivided, but curved downward and inward at the extremity. 

 In females there is a bristly tuft of hair and a small projection in 

 place of each horn. A bony ridge extends from the base of the 

 pedicel or tuft above the orbit, and down each side of the face, 

 the two ridges converging anteriorly ; there is a frontal cutaneous 

 gland inside each ridge. Lachrymal fossa in skull very deep, and 

 including the facial portion of the jugal; lachrymal fissure mode- 

 rate. Tipper canines of males very large, those of females small. 

 Muffle large. Interdigital glands large, but confined to the hind 

 feet. No tuft of long hair on the metatarsus. No traces of the 

 phalanges of the lateral digits. Vertebrae : C, 7, D. 13, L. 7, S. 5, 

 C. 13-14 {Hodgson). 



