CERVUS. o35 



aud lachrymal bones. The suborbital glands are large ; interdigital 

 variable. A moderate-sized muffle. A tuft of hair generally on 

 the outer surface of the metatarsus above the middle. Phalauges 

 of the lateral digits present. 



Vertebrae: C. 7, D. 13, L. 6, S. 4, C. 11-14. 



iSi/nopsis of Indian, Ceylonese, and Burmese Species. 



A. Each horn iu adults normally with more than 



three tines. 

 a. Brow and bez tines present ; usually a pale 



caudal disk C. cashmmcmus, p.535. 



h. Brow tine, no bez ; no caudal disk. 



a'. Brow tine and beam meet at a right augie. C. duvauceli, p. 538 • 

 h'. Brow tine forming a continuous curve 



vi-ith beam C. eldi, p. 641 . 



B. Each horn iu adults normal^ with three tines. 



a. Never spotted; large, height 48 to o6 inches. C. wiicolor, p..548. 



b. Always spotted ; height 30 to 38 inches . . C. axis, p. 643 • 



c. Spotted in summer only ; height less than 



30 inches C. porcinus, p. 649 . 



The members of this genus, like those of Bos, have been divided 

 amongst several genera by many naturalists, but the differences 

 are scarcely of generic importauce, and the number of intermediate 

 forms between the best-marked types, such as Red Deer and 

 Sambar, renders it difficult to separate them. Of the Indian 

 species, 0. cashmirianus alone belongs to the Elaphine group, or 

 true Cervus, which comprises the European Bed Deer (C. elapJms) 

 and the American AVapiti (C canadensis). The other Indian species 

 belong to the Eusine group, with a large muffle and no bez tine, 

 and have been distributed amongst several small genera, C. unicolor 

 being the type of Rasa, C. duvauceli of Rucervus, 0. eldi of Panolia, 



C. axis of Axis, and C. porcinus of Hiielaphus, the last species 

 having also been referred alternately to Riisa and Axis. 



Indian fossil forms are not numerous. C. unicolor, C. axis, 

 C. porcinus, and perhaps C. duvauceli, are represented in the 

 Pleistocene beds of the Peninsula, and three extinct forms, one 

 allied to G. duvauceli, in the Pliocene Siwaliks. 



364. Cervus cashmirianus. The Kashnir Stag. 



« Kashmir Stag,"' Blyth, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 79 ; id. J. A. S. B. x, p. 750, 



plate, figs. 8, 9 ; xxiii, p. 734. 

 Cervus cashmerensis, Falconer, apud Gray, List Ost. Spec. B. M. 



p. 65 (1847) (no description) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 529 ; 



Lydekker, J. A. S. B. xlvi, pt. 2, p. 28G 

 Cervus wallichii, Wagner, HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 576; Blyth, 



J. A. S. B. XXX, p. 188 ; id. Cat. p. 146 ; Jerdon, Mam. p. 250 ; 



nee C'uv. Hist. Nat. Mam. pi. 356 (1823). 

 Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer, Pal. Mem. i, p. 576 (1868) ; Selater, 



Tr. Z. S. vii, p. 339, pi. xxx ; Brooke, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 912 ; 



Scully, J. A. S. B. ivi, p. 76 ; JV. Selater, Cat. p. 184. 



Hangal, Honglu, S > Mi7iyamar $ , Kashmir ; Bdrasingha, H. 



