SOUTHERN EUROPE. — BIRDS. 35 
annual migrations from Africa, visit nearly all the cen- 
tral parts of the Continent, and are occasionally carried, 
by accidental causes, to these islands; but as we advance 
northward, they are no longer to be met with. 
(49.) We now come to the third portion of the 
European province, comprising the south of France, the 
whole of Spain, Italy, and Turkey, together with the 
coasts and islands of the Mediterranean Sea, bordering 
on Northern Africa and Asia Minor. On the quadrupeds 
of these countries little can be said, as our materials are 
but scanty. There is no evidence that the large rumi- 
nating animals, such as the elk, reindeer, stag, roe- 
buck, &c., exist on the shores of the Mediterranean ; 
although a small species, probably the fallow deer, is 
still to be met with in some of the extensive forests of 
Calabria, and in the vestiges of those which once spread 
over the mountains of Sicily. But, on the other hand, 
there is the porcupine, an undoubted native of Italy, 
still found wild ; and the musmon sheep, already men- 
tioned, truly belongs to this region. The buffalo lives 
in Greece and Italy, as if in its native country, although 
now only seen in a domesticated state. 
(50.) The ornithology of the Mediterranean shores 
presents many interesting facts. The vultures, which are 
seldom found northward of the Alps, occur more fre- 
quently as the climate becomes warmer ; they appear 
to follow the course of the Apennines in Italy, and of 
the higher mountains of Spain and Greece ; whence 
they extend their range on one side to Asia Minor, and 
on the other to Northern Africa. The imperial eagle 
(Aquila imperialis Sw.) is chiefly found in Southern 
Europe, while the golden eagle is more restricted to the 
colder latitudes. The gigantic owls of the northern 
regions are here unknown; but two or three horned 
species, of diminutive size, follow the migratory flocks 
of land birds in their annual flights across the Mediter- 
ranean from Africa. In the extensive family of war- 
blers (Sylviade Sw.), besides those of Central Europe, 
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