86 ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANIMALS. 
are several others, altogether peculiar to Italy, Spain, 
Sicily, and Sardinia. Here, also, the common starling 
is scarcely known; but its place is filled by another 
species, the Sturnus unicolor T., hitherto found more par- 
ticularly in Sardinia. There are two species of bustard 
(Otis Tetrao and Houbara), which belong more espe- 
cially to Southern Europe, where the Otis tarda is un- 
known. ‘The rocky and uncultivated wastes of Spain, 
Turkey, and Asia Minor, are inhabited by two species 
of rock grouse ( Pterocles),of a genus different from those 
belonging to northern latitudes. The beautiful wall 
creeper (Tichodroma phenicoptera 'Tem.), with its 
bright rosy wings, is confined to the southern extremity 
of the Alps, and the rocks of Spain and Italy ; while 
large flocks of the bee-eater (Merops apiaster L.) 
skim over the gardens and olive plantations of Southern 
Italy and Sicily, in every direction, during the spring 
and autumnal migrations. The golden oriole, the roller, 
and the hoopoe, at such seasons, are no less common; 
and we have frequently seen them exposed for sale, with 
many other birds — rare in Central Europe — in the 
poulterers’ shops of Messina and Palermo. The union 
of the European, African, and Asiatic ornithology on 
the shores of the Mediterranean, is further proved by 
the wading and aquatic tribes. The pelican, the spoon- 
bill, and the flamingo, are still to be met with im these 
countries, although now less plentiful, from the great 
attraction which their large size possesses for the sports- 
man. Our researches in these countries have enabled us to 
contribute a noble addition to the birds of Europe, in 
the Ardea pavonia L., or coronated crane, several of 
which were captured in the small island of Lampidosa 
in 1812, and brought to Malta alive. 
(51.) On the insects and other annulose animals, 
our limits will not permit us to dilate, although, perhaps, 
these classes supply more interest to the philosophic 
naturalist than any other. <A bare enumeration of the 
genera alone would almost fill a volume. Suffice it to 
say, that the entomology of Southern Europe is emi- 
