LINNZAN SYSTEM. — BIRDS. 145 
nated by Linneus genera, are for the most part natural ; 
for they contain assemblages of animals which, in most 
cases, have been preserved in more recent systems, 
although under higher denominations, and split into minor 
divisions. It is clear, moreover, that this series was never 
intended to exhibit the progress of nature; but that our 
author aimed at accomplishing an easy artificial system, 
suited, in fact, to the then state of science. ‘This is 
apparent by his placing the rhinoceros after the bat, 
and the sea-horse between the elephant and the sloth. 
These monstrous combinations all occur in the order 
Bruta ; which is itself such a strange and inconsistent 
group, that we must even feel surprise that Linneus 
could, for the sake of convenience, sacrifice to his object 
_that keen perception of natural affinities which he most 
undoubtedly possessed in a very high degree. With 
this solitary exception, the internal contents of each order | 
are natural assemblages ; although the construction and 
situation of several of the orders themselves are de- 
fective, and of course artificial, The Primates, Fere, 
Glires, and Cete, are almost precisely what they remain 
now, excepting that each has been more subdivided ; 
but the Bruta, Pecora, and Bellue, as before intimated, 
are but parts of one order, the Ungulate, of Ray. 
(198.) The ornithological system of Linneus will 
now claim our attention. The whole class of birds he 
divides into six orders, the names of which are as follows. 
We consider it unnecessary to give the characters in 
detail, but the modern names are added to each : — 
Cuvier. Cab. Cycl. 
Raptores Iiliger. 
Il. Pica. Perching Birds. PASSERES. Insessores V7g. 
Ill. ANSERES. Aquatic, or Swimming. Pa.tmipepEs. Natatores (part) 
I. Acciprrres. Birds of Prey. 
IV. GRALLE. Wading Birds. GRALL&. Grallatores dL 
V. GALLINZ.  Gallinaceous, or Fowls. GaALLine. Rasores Jil. 
VI. PassEREs. Perching and Climbing. f ap eae AR } insessores. 
(199.) The first violation of natural order which the 
eye seizes upon in this table, is the division of the land 
or perching birds (Jnsessores) into two orders, placed 
L 
