190 ON SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 
XK * 
11. Grossata. (Lepidoptera L.) Mouth with a spiral tongue 
between reflected palpi. 
12. Ryneata. (Hemiptera L.) Mouth with a rostrum having 
a jointed sheath. 
13. Antiiata. (Diptera L. Anoplura, Leach. Trachean 
Arachnida, &c.) Mouth with an haustellum without 
joints. 
(242.) “ In estimating the value of the above system, 
we must bear in mind,” observe Kirby and Spence, 
* that, according to the statement of its author, it was 
intended to be partly artificial and partly natural ; that 
is, artificial as to its classes and orders, but natural 
as jo its genera, species, and varieties.”.* Whatever 
were the intentions of the author, his system, founded 
in all its parts upon the minute organs of the mouth, is, 
of all others, the most artificial, the most difficult, and 
the most discouraging and repulsive to the student. So 
that whatever merits belong to Fabricius in other re- 
spects, there is great truth in the opinion generally en- 
tertained of his system; namely, that it retarded, instead 
of advanced, the progress of entomological science. 
(243.) The system of the celebrated Latreille, whose 
recent loss we so much deplore, soon superseded that of 
Fabricius. It possesses the advantage of being founded 
on a consideration of the entire structure of these 
animals ; and hence gives us the first example, in theory, 
of the natural principle of classification. To show in 
what manner this principle is applied, we shall copy his 
distribution of insects, given in his last work.t The 
first divisions of the whole class are three ; viz. Crus- 
tacea, Arachnide, and Insecta ; each of which is again 
subdivided as follows : — 
I. CRUSTACEA. b. Stomapoda. 
j. Malacostraca. | Unipeltata. 
a. Decapoda. q Bipeltata, 
Brachyura,. c. Amphipoda. 
Macraura. d, Lzemodipoda, 
* Int. to Ent. vol. iv. p. 452. + Régne Animal, 2d ed. 
