214 ON SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY. 
to adopted ; because it is not to be doubted, that our 
author was totally ignorant of the previous publication 
of a theory perfectly resembling that worked out by him- 
self, unaided and unassisted, and solely resulting from the 
profound study he had devoted to the plants whose na- 
tural arrangement he wished to understand. We cannot 
trace, however, either from the valuable paper on this 
subject by Mr. MacLeay*, or from the work of M. Fries 
itself, that any new principle or property was made 
known by the Systema Mycologicum. Those, indeed, 
which had been previously made known, were much 
more fully illustrated than in the Hore Entomologice, 
where two genera only are thoroughly analysed ; whereas 
M. Fries applied his theory to the full investigation of 
the whole class of Fungi, through all its minor groups 
or subdivisions. 
(267.) We must now advert to Mr. MacLeay’s second 
or quinary theory, which differs from the first in several 
important particulars made known in the writings of 
its author, soon after the publication of M. Fries’s work. 
It is much to be regretted, that these deviations from 
the principles advocated in the Hore Entomologice 
were not more clearly stated ; since this circumstance 
has produced much misapprehension on the part of his 
disciples, and has obscured rather than illustrated the 
theory which was to be demonstrated. It is, therefore, 
with the object of placing the whole in an intelligible 
light before the student, that we venture to follow up 
this task. We have seen that, according to our au- 
thor’s first theory, every great circle was connected to 
that of the same rank which followed it by a smaller 
elrcle, so that the animal kingdom was represented by 
five large and five smaller circles ; the same principle 
was also stated in regard to the Mandibulata, where the 
groups are not five, but ten.t These five small or 
osculant groups are, consequently, essential to the first 
theory of Mr. MacLeay. But, in his subsequent paper {, 
* Linn. Trans. vol. xiv. p. 46. + Ib. p. 42. 
t See Hor. Ent. p. 438. 
