262 FIRST PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL CLASSIFICATION. 
if 
object, in another work*, to demonstrate the particular 
fact of which we have just spoken, by tracing the ra- 
sorial type through the vast order of perching or land 
birds ; and had our limits there permitted, we should 
have continued the demonstration, by giving the result 
of a similar analysis of all the orders in the feathered 
elass. But it is not among birds only that the sociality 
and docility of the rasorial type is manifest: the same is 
apparent through all the chief groups of quadrupeds ; 
while’ it can be traced, with equal clearness, in many;of 
those belonging to the Annulosa. The hymenopterous 
order of the Ptilota, or winged insects, is, in its own 
circle, a rasorial type; and we thus find that the ants 
and the bees — the most useful insects to man, and the 
most intelligent and social of annulose animals — are 
actual representatives of the ruminating quadrupeds and 
the gallinaceous birds. In proportion as we recede from 
those animals whose size, intelligence, and structure 
renders them fit companions or assistants to man, and 
advance towards the invertebrated groups, this analogy, 
of course, becomes fainter and fainter. Thus, on look- 
ing to the testaceous Mollusca, as the rasorial division 
of the animal kingdom, their services are simply con- 
fined to’ the power of supplying us with a wholesome 
and nutritious food: for it is remarkable, that nearly the 
whole of these animals are edible; while, in the natatorial 
division of the Radiata, where we have the Medusa, 
the star-fish, and the Echini, scarcely one species is used 
as food by the most uncivilised people. This property, 
however universal, is nevertheless modified in an in- 
finity of ways. It is seen in its greatest developement 
in the ox, the elephant, and the horse; for these qua- 
drupeds actually labour in our service. In the dog it is 
manifested by affectionate attachment ; in the domestic 
“fowls, by perfect contentment in a state of partial con- 
finement. The Robin shows his attachment to man by 
living near his dwelling ; the honey-guide (Indicator), 
by assisting him to discover what, in Africa, is an ims 
* Northern Zoology, vol. ii. The Birds. 
