JI6 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 
parably connected with the constitution of the mind, and 
are necessarily formed in the course of its ordinary opera- 
tions. We shall now offer a few observations on some of 
the more remarkable of these ideas of reflection. 
1. Personality.—In the course of attending to the sen- 
sations which external objects excite, we speedily discover 
that the perceptions obtained by one sense, differ from those: 
procured by the assistance of another, and that the percep- 
tions of any one sense differ with the objects which excite 
them. As these different impressions frequently recur, 
the mind perceives their resemblance or dissimilarity, and 
begins to classify them by the aid of memory. In this 
manner, the primary and secondary qualities of matter,— 
the peculiarities of individuals,—the general character of 
groups,—the relation of one object to another,—and the 
notion of number, are apprehended. 
Uncultivated minds have net very correct notions of 
these ideas of reflection: but, still they do arise even in 
such ; and, in various ways, influence their future operations. 
The inferior animals likewise possess similar ideas of re- 
flection. It is true, that they appear to be equally acted 
upon by the impressions produced by the secondary, as 
well as the primary qualities of matter; nor have we any 
evidence that they act upon the distinction; but they 
know that.there is a difference among the qualities, They 
are, to a variable extent, acquainted with them, and regu- 
late their conduct by this knowledge which they possess. 
They readily perceive changes in the objects with which 
they are familiar. They are acquainted with individuals, 
or their identity, as the dog is acquainted with his mas- 
ter;—with groups, as in the case of the shepherds’ dog, 
who is capable of marking the individual of a flock pointed 
out to him by his master, and steadily pursuing it. Even 
the notion of number is not unknown, as appears from the 
