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270 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 
stinct does not extend to the young, but is limited in its 
operations to the deposition of the egg in a suitable situa- 
tion. The parent, in this case, never sees its offspring ; 
the offspring is equally ignorant of the characters of a pa- 
rent. 
2. Filial Affection.—This mstinct is obviously confined 
to the young of those animals which are nurtured at the 
commencement of life by a parent’s care. Under its guid- 
ance, young animals are restrained from wandering, and in- 
duced to remain under the protection of their parents. 
When forcibly or accidentally removed, they utter sounds 
peculiarly expressive of their sorrow. In obedience to the 
same instinct, young animals observe the signals which are 
made to them by their parents. The chicken quickly obeys 
the clucking of the hen, the lamb the bleating of the ewe. 
While young animals are thus under the protection, and 
obedient to the signals of their parents, they learn to imi- 
tate their actions, and by degrees become acquainted with 
the places which they are afterwards to frequent. 
This mstinct continues to operate during the period of 
parental affection. In the human species, both these active 
powers continue for life; while, among the lower animals, 
the reciprocal feelings of parental and filial affection cease, 
when the immediate objects for which they were exercised 
have been accomplished. 
3. Social Affection. We have adopted the epithet So- 
cial, in preference to Patriotic, the term by which this af- 
fection is generally distinguished ; because, under this last, 
are frequently included the desires of place and society. 
This is more properly the love which certain animals bear 
to the individuals of their own species, in preference to 
those of any other. It is always accompanied with the de- 
