FACULTIES OF THE MIND. 309 
In our review of the intellectual. powers, .we have de- 
monstrated, that man and the brutes possess, in common, 
attention, memory, and imagination; and that, in their 
ideas of reflection, they have a knowledge of personality, 
time, power, truth, and duty. But, in all these, man has 
a decided superiority. This arises chiefly from the strength 
of his power of Attention, by which he can direct his 
mind to any subject, until he is satisfied with regard to. its 
qualities or connections ; in other words, he ‘can practise 
_ abstraction more successfully. Hence all his ideas of re- 
flection are more perfect and extensive, and have given 
rise to the belief in Gon, and the corresponding feelings of 
a piety, of a future state, and the preparation necessary for 
a blessed immortality. If the facts which I have adduced 
in support of the statements be admitted, it follows, that the 
intellectual powers of man differ, not in kind, but merely 
in degree, from those of brutes. 
Tn ‘our examination of the active powers or instincts, we 
have likewise demonstrated, that man and the brutes pos- 
sess appetites, desires, and affections, regulated by the 
same laws, and destined te accomplish the same objects, in 
the animal economy, exhibiting, however, slight shades of 
difference, according to the species. The superiority of 
man over the brutes, in reference to the,active powers, (ex- 
cept perhaps some of the desires,) is so small, that doubts 
may be. entertained respecting his claims of supremacy. 
The comparison, indeed, cannot, well be made, as every 
species has peculiarities of condition to contend with, for 
which peculiar active powers or instincts are required. The 
number of qualities of each instinct, therefore, is in propor- 
tion to the wants of cack species. 
We have likewise seen, that man and the inferior animals - 
naturally utter particular sounds, and execute particular 
eestures, as the means of communicating thought or feel- 
ing, and. that this natural language is chiefly occupied in ex- 
