13 
nS) 
FACULTIES OF THE MIND. 
the same. It is impossible, therefore, in treating of the 
origin of the motions of animals, to separate the volition of 
intellect from instinct, because few actions can be excited 
or continued by the latter, without being perceived by the 
former. It was in consequence of this intimate connec- 
tion, that we treated of the instinct of animals, along with 
the functions of mind which depend on the nervous sys- 
tem. We by no means, however, give it as our opinion, 
that instinct and intelligence are the same, either in kind 
or in degree. The former we know to be common to every 
organised being, the latter to be correlative with the ner- 
vous system. ‘Their intimate union in animals, therefore, 
is no proof of their identity. Vitality, in its simplest state, 
possesses irritability and instinct *; in its most complicated, 
irritability, instinct, sensation, perception, reflection, and 
volition. 
The instinctive powers are essential to the existence and 
comfort of the individual; the intellectual powers increase 
the resources of instinct, and in a savage state, are ex- 
clusively subservient to its purpose. It is only when man 
advances in civilization, that his intellectual powers assume 
their preeminent station, control his instincts, and exhibit 
the emblems of his greatness. 
Under the first class of functions, we considered those 
organs which are subservient to the purposes of protection, 
stability, and action. Under the second, we have investi- 
gated the nervous system,—the control which it exercises 
over the body,—and the intercourse which it permits us to 
hold with the world around us. In the third class of func- 
tions, to which we are now to advert, the organs are em- 
ployed in obtaining nourishment for the system,—prepar- 
* Jn such beings, instinct cannot excite to action by volition, which is 
coexistent with sensation, but must operate exclusively by means of irritabi- 
Jity. 
