CIRCULATING SYSTEM. 363 
acute inflammations of the liver.* During jaundice, the 
presence of bile may be detected in the urme. 
In some cases of the disease called suppression of urine, 
the body is relieved from this excrementitious liquid by 
means of perspiration. Dr Dawson mentions the case 
of a young woman, in which the urine was conveyed 
out of the system by spontaneous vomitings. “ She 
vomited sometimes every day, and sometimes only every 
third or fourth day; and though these vomitings usu- 
ally came on presently after dinner, yet what she vomit- 
ed seemed to be mere urine, without any thing which she 
had eaten mixed with it +.” 
Some notice ought here to be taken of wrinary calculi. 
These are found both in the kidneys and in the bladder. 
They consist of concretions of one or more of the ingredi- 
ents of urine, and exhibit considerable variety of structure 
and external appearance. In addition to the ingredients 
of the urine, oxalic acid, and its alkaline and earthy com- 
pounds, have likewise been detected in them. Their origin 
is obscure. In the kidneys, these morbid concretions usu- 
ally consist of uric acid, or oxalat of lime. These passing 
into the bladder, become nuclei, round which layers of the 
phosphats, urats and carbonats are deposited, and also urea. 
But these concretions may form likewise in the bladder it- 
self, from the thickening of the mucus, or the deposition 
of those ingredients of the urine, which, from being in 
excess, may be only mechanically suspended. In the 
human species, these concretions produce the most ex- 
excruciating pain ; and it has hitherto bafiled the skill of the 
chemist, to pomt out a method by which their formation 
may be prevented, or, when formed, their dissolution effect- 
ed. But man is not alone subject to this painful disease, 

* Annals of Phil. v. p. 424. + Phil. Trans. 1759, p. 216. 
