428 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 
V. Hyspripovus ANIMALS. 
In the accomplishment of the important purpose of ge- 
neration, it is observed, that, in the season of love, indivi- 

former method enjoyed an individuality distinct in its nature from the re- 
sults of the latter, we are disposed to conclude, that it is a distinction 
which has been incautiously adopted and which is apt to mislead. 
That many of the valuable cider and perry fruits of the seventeenth cen- 
tury have already disappeared,—parents and extensions, and, that some of 
our present fruits are gradually wearing into decay, are facts which have 
been satisfactorily established. But in order to account for these extinctions, 
it is not necessary to admit, that all cuttings are limited in their duration to 
the term of life of the parent from which they have been taken. “The whole 
phenomena seem simply to intimate, that extensions from a diseased parent, 
are, in many cases, diseased likewise, and that the skill and industry of the 
horticulturist cannot restore such to a healthy state. 
To have combated the assertion, that propagation by seeds is the only 
true reproduction of plants, would have been unnecessary, had it not been 
made by a deservedly celebrated botanist, whose authority, however, is 
much greater in systematical than in physiological botany. That method of 
reproduction in plants must surely be regarded as genuine, which is em- 
ployed by Nature uniformly and extensively. 
In many cases, the multiplication of individuals takes place in the same 
plant, both by extensions and seed. Among,the herbaceous plants, many of 
which are, in fact, annuals, the species of Orchis and Tulipa may be noticed. 
Seeds are produced in these by the ordinary reproductive organs. At the 
same time each individual, before closing its life of a year, prepares a de- 
cendent or bulb, which the following year supplies its place, when, perhaps, 
not a single seed which it has produced has germinated. The continuance 
of many species whose seeds germinate with difficulty, depends on these ra- 
dical extensions or bulbs. Such natural extensions are not confined to the 
monocotyledonous groups; they occur in decotyledonous plants also; and 
among many of the acotyledonous tribes, there is no other natural method 
of reproduction known. 
In other cases, where the continuance of the species could not be effected 
by the ordinary methods of impregnation and the production of seeds, the 
reproductive system furnishes bulbs, or extensions, to supply their place: 
In the case of the vivparous grasses, the germs which are to form the 
