562 PHILOSOPHY OF ZOOLOGY. 



and genera. Linnaeus subdivided this extensive order in- 

 to three groups, according as the antenna* were clavate, fili- 

 form, or setaceous. M. Geoffroy employed the number 

 of joints in the tarsus as the basis of his subdivisions. 

 This method, though it separates a very few naturally con- 

 nected genera, and is liable to some exceptions, is never- 

 theless so simple and easy of application, that it has been 

 universally received throughout Europe. 



I. CoLEOPTEUA Pentameua. — Under this head are in- 

 cluded those species which have five joints in each tarsus. 

 The genera which they form are distributed by Lamark 

 into three sections, according as the antennas are Jilrform^ 

 including those which are moniliform and setaceous, clavate 

 or lamellate. {Hist. Nat. des Animaux sans Vertebres, 

 tom. iv. p. 439.) Latreille, whose industry and acuteness 

 have contributed greatly to extend the limits of entomology, 

 has subdivided them in the following manner. {Regne Ani- 

 mal, par M. CuviER, iii. p. 173.) 



I. Pentamera Carnivora. — The distinguishing cha- 

 racter of the insects here referred to, and one which is pe- 

 culiar to them, is the possession of six palpi, in place of 

 four, the ordinary number, two of these attached to the la- 

 bium, and two to each maxilla. The maxillae are hooked, 

 and covered on the inside with stiff' hairs or spines. There 

 are two stomachs. The first is short and muscular ; the 

 second more produced, with villous walls. The hepatic 

 vessels are four in number, and terminate at the pylorus. 

 The antennas are filiform or setaceous. The thighs of the 

 middle and hind legs furnished with large trochanters. 

 They are carnivorous both in their larva and perfect state. 

 In the former, the body consists of twelve rings; the head 

 and the first ring scaly, with two short antennae. 



1. Carnivora Terrestria. — The feet are formed for 

 walking. The mandibulas are apparent, the body is ob- 



