INSECTA. 577 



Oxyuridae, the piercer is protuberant, without a sting, as 

 Oxyurus and Drynus. In the remaining families the pier- 

 cer consists of several valves. In some of these the abdo- 

 men is united to the thorax by a small portion of its trans- 

 verse diameter. Among these there are some which have 

 all the wings with ribs. The Ichneumonidae have upwards 

 of twenty joints in the antennae, as in the following genera, 

 Ichneumon, Zorides, Crypturus, Agathis, Sigalphus, and 

 Alysia. In the Evaniadae, including Evania and Foenus, 

 the joints of the antennae do not exceed fifteen in number. 

 In others, the under-wings are destitute of ribs. The Cy- 

 nipsidae have the antennae broken, with from six to twelve 

 joints, as Cynips, Leucopses, Chalcis, and Cynipsillum. 

 The Diplolepidae have the antennae straight, with from 

 eleven to sixteen joints, as Diplolepis and Eucharis. 



The remaining families have the abdomen united to the 

 thorax by the whole of its transverse diameter. In the Si- 

 rexidae the piercer consists only of three valves, the lateral 

 ones serving as sheaths, as Sirex and Oryssus. In the Ten- 

 thredadas, including Tenthredo, Cimbex, Hylotoma, Xi- 

 phedria, and Paraphillius, the piercer consists of four 

 valves, the internal pair serrated. 



II. Hymenoptera Acpleata. — In this order are in- 

 cluded such as have no ovipositor or piercer. The abdo- 

 men in the females, however, is usually furnished with a 

 sting, and poison-bags. The antennae have thirteen joints 

 in the male, and twelve in the female. These may be 

 again reduced into two divisions. In the first, the feet are 

 not formed for collecting pollen, and the first tarsal joints * 

 are cylindrical. Among these there are two families, in 

 which the ocelU are indistinct, and the neuters or females 

 are apterous. The Formicadse, including Formica, Poly- 

 ergus, Ponera, Myrmica, Attn, and Cryptocerus, have 



VOL. II. 



