534 



NA TURE 



[Ai-KiL 9, 1903 



rightly, the student will soon realise that the bare 

 titles but point the way to endless records of facts 

 and considerations of importance not mentioned in the 

 text, which it is the duty of the writer of a standard 

 text-book to indicate. There are omissions in the list, 

 but as matters go in comparative anatomy, the 

 wonder is that it is so complete. 



The book fully maintains the reputation of its pre- 

 decessors, and we wish it success. 



Nature and the Camera. By A. Radclyffe Dugmore. 



The Dainty Nature Series. Pp. xiii + 126. (London : 



Wm. Heinemann, 1903.) 

 The author of this delightful book gives us an ideal 

 essay on " Nature Study," for he carries the reader 

 away into country lanes and woods, far from the 

 regions of smoke and habitations, and shows us 

 samples of bird, animal, insect, reptile, and plant 

 and tree life, which is now so admirably portrayed by 

 the photographic lens. Undoubtedly the best study 

 of Nature is Nature, and it may be added that the best 

 way of recording it is by the utilisation of the photo- 

 graphic lens and sensitive plate, which are capable of 

 giving us accurate and faithful pictures of occurrences 

 which otherwise would be out of the reach of many 

 of us. 



In these pages, the author, who has made a speci- 

 ality of this subject for many years, gives us an ac- 

 count of how to accomplish successfully the art of 

 photographing things living under their natural con- 

 ditions. Technicalities are reduced to a minimum, and 

 the story is clear, straightforward, and to the point. 

 Naturally, many difficulties are met with in attempt- 

 ing to photograph these various subjects, and the 

 author describes each in turn, and shows how he has 

 been able to overcome them. From a collection of 

 nearly three thousand negatives taken bv the author 

 himself, he has been able to utilise some excellent 

 examples for all the objects to which reference in these 

 pages has been made, and these, 53 in number, have 

 been here beautifully reproduced. Besides being a 

 useful book for those who wish to photograph along 

 these lines, it should be read with interest by those win. 

 enjoy hearing about the habits and peculiarities of 

 the birds and other small creatures mentioned. 



The Twentieth Century Atlas of Popular Astronomy 

 By Thomas Heath, B.A. Pp. 121; with frontis- 

 piece and 21 plates. (Edinburgh: YV. and A. K. 

 Johnston, 1903.) Price ys. 6d. 

 In addition to tin- atlas this volume contains a very- 

 useful account of the elements of astronomical science, 

 mathematical and spectroscopic, as it appears at the 

 beginning of the twentieth century. 



As the title indicates, the acco'unt is primarily in- 

 tended for amateurs, and it will be found sufficient 

 to give the beginner a fair working idea of the astro- 

 nomy of the present day. 



The fourteen chapters deal with time, celestial dis- 

 tances and apparent movements, solar physics, the 

 moon and planets, eclipses, comets, meteors, &c, 

 and the text is plentifully illustrated with diagrams! 

 star charts and photographic reproductions of various 

 objects. 



Plates i.-xiv., inclusive, illustrate the appearances 

 and apparent movements of the various members of 

 the solar system, eclipses, comets, star clusters, 

 nebulae, spectra, the appearance of the corona at 

 different eclipses, &c. ; xv.-xx., inclusive, are star 

 maps containing stars down to the fifth magnitude, 

 nebula?, &c, and xxi. shows the apparent yearly 

 paths of various planets. All the plates are printed 

 in white, or colours, on a blue ground. 



NO. 1745, VOL. 67] 



The whole volume has been carefully compiled and 

 well printed, and, with one or two exceptions of minor 

 importance, appears to be free from typographical 

 errors. W. E. R. 



Official Report of the Nature Study Exhibition and 

 Conferences, August, 1902. Pp. 303. (London : 

 Blackie and Son, Ltd., 1903.) Price 2S. 6d. net. 

 The Nature-study Exhibition held last year served the 

 purpose of bringing together the work due to the 

 efforts of independent individuals or institutions, and 

 thereby enabled teachers to get a correct estimate of 

 their results and obtain suggestions for future develop- 

 ments. The official report directs attention to the 

 more successful results both in the list of awards and 

 also in a too brief reference to work of special excel- 

 lence. The report of the executive committee embodies 

 extracts from the information supplied by principals 

 with regard to their aims and ideals, from which useful 

 hints may be gathered. It would have been convenient 

 if this information had been arranged under subjects 

 of study, or according to the phase of the subject. The 

 addresses presented at the conferences occupy the 

 greater part of the book. The paper offered by Prof. 

 Llovd Morgan is eminently practical and broad in 

 scope. Prof. J. A. Thomson confined himself to advo- 

 cating the seasonal method of nature-study, which 

 offers a definite scheme of work. Herein lies an 

 important point, which has not been sufficiently em- 

 phasised, that observation of objects taken at random 

 does not train the mind, and that with correct observ- 

 ation should be combined a systematic course of study. 



Friedrich Schleiermacher's Monologen — Kritische 



Ausga.be — .1/// Einleitung, Bibliographic und Index. 



By Friedrich Michael Schiele. Pp. xlvi + 130. 



(Leipzig: Diirr'sche Buchhandlung, 1902.) Price 1.40 



marks 

 Si sic omnia dixisset, the name of Schleiermacher would 

 not have been so important as it is, for the thought of 

 the " Monologen " is generally too impalpable and elu- 

 sive, and the reader is often little helped or stimulated 

 as the changes are rung on Freedom and Necessity, 

 Time and Eternity, Outer and Inner. Besides, the 

 style is often unnatural : poetic prose and too con- 

 sciously so. Still, the book throws an interesting side- 

 light on Schleiermacher and his age — when " to be 

 yount; was vi r\ heaven," for the last monologue is a 

 hymn to youth. This edition is most purposeful; its 

 basis is the 1800 text with the original spelling, the 

 variations of the 1S10 and 1S22 editions being given 

 at the foot of each page. The introduction is sensible, 

 and the bibliography ranges over the whole field of 

 Schleiermacher's ethical philosophy. In the elaborate 

 index the winnowed grain of the " Monologen " is 

 neatly stored. R. G. N. 



The Mycology of the Mouth. Bv Kenneth W. Goadby, 

 D.P.H., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., L.D.S. Pp. xv + 

 241. (London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1903.) 

 Price 8s. bd. net. 

 A tkxt-book of mycology suited to the needs of the 

 dental profession has long been a desideratum, and 

 Mr. Goadby has succeeded in the task of writing one. 

 The first half of the book is devoted to general prin- 

 ciples and methods, the remainder to the special bacteri- 

 ology and mycology of the mouth and its diseases, such 

 subjects as dental caries and pyorrhoea alveolaris being 

 treated at length. We have noted but few mistakes, 

 e.g. Wedl for U'idal (p. 41), Buchner's tube for Buchner 

 method. In hanging drop preparations, the usual 

 and convenient hollow ground slides are not men- 

 tioned, the antitoxin unit is not quite accurately de- 

 fined, and the dose of diphtheria antitoxin recom- 

 mended is too small. The book is well and profusely 

 illustrated. R. T. H. 



