Marcu 26, 1914| 
BRPEORATION “IN PERU. 
‘THE Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911 made a 
number of discoveries which, either for lack of 
time or means, could not at that time be given the 
attention they deserved. The most important of these 
NATURE 97 
the auspices of Yale University and the National 
Geographic Society, had for its chiet objects the further 
study of these two discoveries and also the comple- 
tion of certain topographical work planned for 1911, 
but not finished at that time. 
Fic. 1.—Machu Picchu. Sacred Plaza. 
finds were the ruins of Machu Picchu, in the Grand 
Canon of the Urubamba, below Ollantaytambo, and 
a small quantity of human bones apparently inter- 
Fic. 2.—Machu Pichu. Princess group. View of round tower and 
ornamental wall. Shovs in distance the agricultural terraces. 
Copyright by the National Geographic Sociery. 
stratified with what seemed to be glacial gravel near 
the city of Cuzco. 
The Peruvian Expedition of 1912, sent out under 
NOL 52317, VOL. 93 | 
Chief temple, east side, interior. 
Copyright by the National Geographic Society. 
The staff of the second expedition included, besides 
myself as director, Prof. H. E. Gregory, Silliman 
professor of geology in Yale University, geologist; 
Dr. G. F. ‘Eaton, of the Peabody Museum of Yale 
University, osteologist; Mr. A. H.. Bumstead, 
formerly of the United States Geological Survey, chief 
topographer; Messrs. K. C. Heald and R. Stephen- 
son, assistant topographers; Mr. E. C. Erdis, archzeo- 
logical engineer; Dr. L. T. Nelson, surgeon; and 
Messrs: °P. Bestor, (O. ‘Hardy, and J. P. Little, 
assistants. 
The Cuzco Valley was carefully mapped by Mr. 
Bumstead and his assistants, and this map will be 
published in connection with the report on the geology 
of this valley now being prepared by Prof. Gregory. 
The geological work undertaken by Prof. Gregory 
consisted in part of a study ot the gravel deposits 
near Cuzco, and the relation in age and position of 
these gravels to the remains discovered in 1911. The 
result of these researches has not confirmed us in the 
opinion that the human bones found in tgir are of 
very great age. It seems probable, on the other 
hand, that, owing to recent filling and recutting of 
the valley, the bones may be of recent origin. Prof. 
Gregory also carried on a general examination of the 
structure and stratigraphy of the Cuzco Valley with 
a view of constructing a geological map of the area 
tributary to the Huatanay River. The region was 
found to consist chiefly of sedimentary rock of pre- 
Tertiary, Tertiary, and Pleistocene age. . During 
glacial times a lake occupied the upper part of the 
valley. 
Not far from Cuzco, in the Apurimac Valley, near 
Ayusbamba, a small amount of vetebrate fossil mate- 
rial was found and collected by Dr. Eaton. His 
report on these fossils, which include the remains of 
both ancient horse and deer, will be published in the 
American Journal of Science, 
Anthropometric measurements were made of 145 
Indian men in the department of Cuzco, and front 
and side view photographs were taken of each sub- 
ject. The Indians represented sixteen provinces and 
sixty towns. Thirty-eight measurements were taken 
of each subject. Photographs of many Indian women 
were also taken in Cuzco and vicinity. The anthropo- 
logical material collected by Dr. Nelson has 
been placed in the hands of Prof. H. B. Ferris, Hunt 
professor of anatomy in Yale University, who is pre- 
paring a report which will be published in the near 
future. 
The ruins of Choqquequirau, which had been visited 
