Bio 
NAT ORE 
to pack all parcels of instruments with especial refer- 
ence to caravan travel, as otherwise repacking in 
Trebizond would be necessary and much delay occa- 
sioned. Two hundred pounds is too heavy, and it is 
better if no package exceed 150 Ib., as a mule must 
carry two of them; the average load is about 300 lb. 
As a mule must have a perfectly balanced load, it is 
well to have the paraphernalia so divided that pairs 
of packages will be of the same weight. The nearer 
a parcel approaches a cube, the easier it is to handle, 
though moderately oblong packages are not particu- 
larly troublesome. Packing must, of course, be done 
much more thoroughly than for transit by railway and 
steamship, as the continued motion of a pack animal 
will cause screws and delicate parts of instruments to 
disconnect themselves. I have found nothing better 
for packing than granulated cork, such as Malaga 
grapes are packed in. 
As before said, travel so far as Erzerum can be 
accomplished in fairly comfortable carriages, and even 
a rubber-tyred vehicle is possible. Baggage might go 
in a species of lumber wagon, or springless vehicle; 
but beyond Erzerum carriages would not go, except 
at great expense. From Trebizond to Erzerum eight 
days of travel should be allowed, by starting promptly 
every morning. From Erzerum to Bitlis would require 
eight or nine days; and before leaving either Tre- 
bizond or Erzerum, it is necessary to make the drivers 
or muleteers agree to arrive at the desired place on a 
certain day; then, in addition to this, the traveller 
must keep prodding them to see that they make their 
schedule. They much prefer to travel in the very early 
morning, starting from three to five o’clock. The 
journey from Erzerum to Bitlis cannot be called an 
easy one; but the country and its people are very 
interesting. 
The eastern end of the plain of Moush is a day’s 
journey from Bitlis on the route to Erzerum, and on 
this plain at this time of year the American residents 
of Bitlis usually spend two or three quiet and health- 
ful months in camp. 
To the west of Bitlis and far outside the path of 
totality, although in the same generally elevated region 
of Turkey, is Kharput, where records of cloudiness for 
the month of August have been kept for many years 
past. The average for five years gives 70 per cent. 
of the afternoon observations in August entirely cloud- 
less, with not a single record of a sky totally overcast. 
Most of the cloudiness is of the order of: 0-1 or 0-2, 
only occasionally an afternoon being largely overcast. 
These afternoon observations were taken at 2.30, and 
there is a slightly greater chance of cloudiness at 4. 
For most of the foregoing information I am indebted 
to the Rev. Dr. Henry H. Riggs, of Kharput, Dr. 
Harrison A. Maynard, of Bitlis, Rev. Robert A. Staple- 
ton and Dr. Edward P. Case, of Erzerum, and Rev. 
L. S. Crawford, of Trebizond. All are greatly in- 
terested in the coming eclipse, and are ready to assist 
in observing it so far as possible. ‘ 
Prof. A. G. Sivaslian, of Anatolia College, Marso- 
van, will proceed eastward to the Trebizond region to 
observe the eclipse. He is an astronomer trained at 
the Northfield Observatory in Minnesota, and will be 
of great assistance to whatever party of observers he 
may join; also Prof. A. H. Joy, of the Syrian Pro- 
testant College at Beirut, is expecting to join the 
ranks of the eclipse observers, but he may go to the 
Crimea instead of Trebizond. j 
Of course, it is well known that Trebizond is very 
accessible. The easiest route from western Europe is 
vid Marseilles, whence a weekly steamer of the Mes- 
sagerie leaves for Trebizond without change at Con- 
stantinople or elsewhere. The same from Trieste 
WOt 2325. mViOlenOe || 
[May 21, 1914 
also, by the Austrian Lloyd. From Paris the through 
rate by rail to Marseilles, and thence by steamer to 
Trebizond is about 14l. first class. From Constanti- 
nople steamers leave every Friday and Saturday, 
reaching Trebizond the following Tuesday and Wed- 
nesday mornings. 
Fuller information regarding the Persian region 
can be obtained from the house of Messrs. Lynch 
Brothers in Lonaon, and concerning Armenia the 
standard work is by the late senior member of this 
firm, Mr. H. F. B. Lynch, recently published in two 
fine volumes by Lcngmans. Davip Topp. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
CaMBRIDGE.—The completion of the third edition of 
“The Golden Bough” has suggested to the many 
friends and admirers of Dr. J. G. Frazer that the 
present is a suitable time to offer him some token in 
recognition of his great services to learning. It is pro- 
posed that a Frazer Fund for Social Anthropology be 
established to make grants to travelling students of 
either sex, whether connected with a university or 
not, with a view of their investigating problems in 
the culture and social organisation of primitive 
peoples, a department of anthropology which Dr. 
Frazer has always been eager to promote. Contribu- 
tions to the fund may be sent either direct to the secre- 
tary and treasurer, Mr. F. M. Cornford, Trinity Col 
lege, Cambridge, or to the ‘‘ Frazer Fund Account,” 
Messrs. Barclay and Co., Mortlock’s Bank, Cam- 
bridge. 
Lonpon.—Presentation Day on May 13 passed off 
without special incident. The Principal reported a 
slight falling off of examinees, particularly for matri- 
culation. Of the 1807 candidates for degrees 900 were 
internal and 907 external; 1301 degrees and diplomas 
were granted, and the total number of internal 
students is now 4888. Sir Philip Magnus, M.P. for 
the University, in his speech after the presentation of 
graduates, suggested that a committee of the Senate 
should be appointed to consider without prejudice or 
bias the recommendations of the Royal Commission on 
University Education in London with the view of 
deciding which of them should be adopted with or 
without legislation. 
Mr. ALFRED E. CAMERON, Board of Agriculture 
scholar in entomology, of Manchester University, has 
taken up economic work in the United States, where 
he is temporarily attached to the entomological depart- 
ment of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment 
| Stations, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 
Mr. Matcorm E. MacGrecor, of Trinity College, 
Cambridge, has recently been appointed collaborator 
with the U.S. Bureau of Entomology, to join the 
Robert M. Thompson Pellagra Commission (formerly 
the Thompson-Macfadden Pellagra Commission), at 
Spartenburg, South Carolina, to study the possible 
role played by insects in the transmission of the 
disease. 
WE learn from the Paris correspondent of the 
Chemist and Drug gist that the council of the Univer- 
sity of Paris has just decided to distribute 36o0l., 
being interest of a bequest by the late M. Loutreuil 
for the encouragement of scientific laboratories of 
French universities. The Chemical Institute of Nancy 
University is receiving 4ool. for extension and en- 
largement, and Toulouse 8ool. for the foundation of a 
similar establishment. Montpellier University will 
