502 
style, and technical terms have been used spar- 
ingly. There is, however, no reason why the 
term “flea larve ” should not have been employed 
instead of “tiny fleas” (p. 48), which is rather 
misleading. The introductory chapter deals with 
the structure and characters of the chief classes of 
Protozoa, and the ways by which the parasitic 
forms gain access to their hosts. The next 
chapter is on trypanosomes and their relation to 
tsetse-flies, and is followed by an account of the 
life cycles of the flagellate parasites Crithidia and 
Herpetomonas, which occur normally in the gut 
of fleas, lice, etc., and are liable to be confused 
with certain phases of blood-parasites. In the 
section on Spirochztes considerable attention is 
devoted to the vexed question of the shedding of 
granules. The authors have studied the granules 
in the large Spirochetes from molluscs and re- 
gard them as “spores,” and consider “that the 
balance of evidence is somewhat in favour of the 
inclusion of the Spirochetes among the Pro- 
tozoa.”” 
In the account of malaria the interesting state- 
ment is made that within the last few years the 
authors have seen malarial parasites in the blood 
of children suffering from ague in the Fens, and 
have been able to secure specimens of Anopheles 
maculipennis “in whose stomachs cysts occurred 
and whose salivary glands teemed with sporo- 
zoites [of malaria].”’ 
Eimeria (Coccidium), the organism of cocci- 
diosis in birds, is fully described, and measures 
are indicated for preserving domestic poultry and 
hand-reared game-birds from the attacks of this 
parasite. The following chapters deal with 
Entameeba in man, Babesia (Piroplasma) in relation 
to “red water” in cattle, Theileria—the organism 
of East Coast fever in cattle in Africa, Leishmania 
in relation to kala azar, infantile kala azar and 
Oriental sore, microsporidiosis of bees (Isle of 
Wight bee-disease), various Protozoa parasitic in 
fish, the nasal parasite (Rhinosporidium) of man, 
and the parasite (Sarcocystis) of striped muscle. 
The two concluding chapters contain interesting 
accounts of the relations of parasitic Protozoa 
with their environment, their effects on their 
several hosts, and the economic importance of the 
study of Protozoa. 
Throughout the work the authors have con- 
sidered preventive measures, and have pointed out 
their prime importance in the fight 
parasitic Protozoa. 
The volume is illustrated by clearly-drawn text- 
figures; the magnifications of these figures might 
have been stated, as in the absence of such state- 
ment the general reader is apt to acquire an ex- 
aggerated idea of the size of, say, a Spirochete. 
NO. 2333; VOL.)93] 
against 
NATURE 
1 
| much at ease. 
[JuLy 16, 1914 
The authors, who have themselves taken a con- 
siderable share in the investigation of several of 
the organisms described, have succeeded in giving 
a clear, accurate, and interesting account of the 
principal Protozoa which have been proved to 
exert so malign an influence on man and to limit 
his activities in ways innumerable. 
GENERAL AND “SPECIAL, - PHVSIES 
(1) Sound. An Elementary Text-book for Schools 
and Colleges. By Dr. J. W. Capstick. Pp. 
vli+296. (Cambridge University Press, 1913.) 
Price 4s. 6d. 
(2) Die Brownsche Bewegung und einige ver- 
wandte Erscheinungen. By Dr. G. L. de Haas- 
Lorentz. Pp. 103. (Braunschweig: F. Vieweg 
und Sohn, 1913.) Price 3.50 marks, 
(3) Photo-Electricity. The Liberation of Elec- 
trons by Light. By Dr. H. Stanley Allen. Pp. 
xi+221. (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 
rgr3.. Price 7s-Gd.met: 
(4) Course de Physique Générale. Legons pro- 
fessées a la Faculté des Sciences de lV’ Université 
de Lille. By H. Olfivier.. Tome Premier 
Unités. Gravitation. Electricité et Magné- 
tisme.. Ions et Electvons. Symétries. Pm 
716. (Paris: A, Hermann et Mls aqug 
Price 18 francs. 
(1) HIS text-book is one that many 
teachers will find suitable for recom- 
| mending to students in their degree courses pre- 
paring for examination in sound. It is always 
gratifying to find the writer of a text-book on 
sound with some considerable knowledge of the 
fundaments of music. Dr. Capstick certainly does 
pay attention to this aspect of the subject and from 
this point of view there is nothing but praise to 
be said of it. In his first chapter he introduces the 
idea of intervals, and later he gives some very 
interesting chapters on consonance, musical 
instruments, and scales and temperaments. 
In the parts that relate more especially to the 
physics of the subject, readers will not be quite so 
There is a tendency for the 
theoretical treatment to lack clearness, and stu- 
dents reading for the first time will often be driven 
to consult a teacher. The same cannot be said of 
the descriptive parts of the subject, for these are 
treated in a very interesting way. In a book of 
this scope though, it is questionable whether it is 
a wise plan to follow Barton in consigning all 
account of acoustical measurements to one chapter. 
These would be much more in place if treated 
separately in connection with the theoretical treat- 
ment to which each applies. The descriptions in 
this chapter are undoubtedly good, and it is inter- 
