568 
tion of Washington. The details are, however, so 
complex and involved that it is impossible to give a 
summary of the results within the limits of a para- 
graph. 
Tue Scottish Zoological Park has received a collec- 
tion of East African animals, for the most part 
antelopes, the gift of Mr. H. S. Pullar, of Bridge-of- 
Earn. 
In his presidential address to the annual meeting on 
January 22 (as reported in the society’s Proceedings 
for 1913-14) Mr. A. E. Tonge was enabled to con- 
gratulate the South London Entomological and 
Natural History Society on its flourishing condition, 
the number of new members added to the roll during 
1913 being about double those removed. The attend- 
ance at the field and ordinary meetings was, on the 
whole, satisfactory; an important addition has been 
made to the society’s collection of British Lepidoptera ; 
and the number and quality of the papers read (which 
are illustrated by nine plates) were considerably above 
the average. 
CONSIDERABLE additions to the British fauna are 
made in the July number of the Entomologist’s 
Monthly Magazine, Dr. Sharp adding a Continental 
chrysomeline beetle (Dorcatoma punctulata), taken 
near London, Mr. James Edwards several new species 
of the minute insects of the family Typhlocybide, 
chiefly from Nottinghamshire, and Mr. A. E. J.-Carter 
three species of Diptera hitherto known only from the 
Continent. 
In an article published in Naturwiss. Wochenschrift 
of July 5, Dr. E. Hennig directs attention to the extra- 
ordinary number of dinosaurian remains obtained in 
Germany and her East African colonies during the last 
lustrum. The most important of these discoveries 
have been made in the Keuper of Halberstadt and 
the corresponding formation of Trossingen and 
Pfaffenhofen, Wurttemberg, and in the Jurassic and 
Cretaceous strata of Tendaguru and other parts of 
German East Africa. To the remains from Tenda- 
guru reference has been made already on more than 
one occasion. The dinosaurian finds from the Swabian 
Trias formed the subject of a communication made by 
Dr. E. Fraas at the eighty-fifth Versammlung 
deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in September, 1913, 
and Dr. O. Jaekel has described the discoveries at 
Halberstadt in vols. i. and ii. of Paléontol. Zeitschrift. 
According to the latter communication, the removal 
of some 100,000 cubic metres of rock has brought to 
light at least one hundred dinosaurian skeletons. It 
may be added that two important papers on the origin 
and morphology of dinosaurs, by Dr. von Huene, have 
been published, respectively, in the Neues Jahrb. f. 
Min. and the Zentralbl. f. Min., 1914. 
In the July number of Wild Life Mr. F. Russell 
Roberts, who is both a great hunter and an 
expert photographer, commences a series of illus- 
trated articles on his experiences among the big 
game of Western and Eastern Africa, dealing in 
this case with the elephant. His photographs of 
herds of these great animals in the jungle are admir- 
NOs, 2335.0 VOlennO) 
NATURE 
[JULY 30, 1914 
able, and well calculated to arouse in stay-at-home 
persons an intense desire to behold such wonderful 
sights. It is a pity that the locality of each photo- 
graph is not given, as if this had been done the pic- 
tures would have been of value to the naturalist in the 
determination of the local races of the species. If we 
might hazard a guess, we should regard the topmost 
of the two photographs facing p. 120 as representing 
the big sharp-eared elephant of the White Nile, and 
the one facing p. 112 as a central or western race. 
A REPORT upon the mineral production of the Philip- 
pine Islands during the year 1912 has been issued by 
the Division of Mines of the Bureau of Science of the 
Government of the Philippine Islands. This publica- 
tion is interesting both for its contents and as evidence 
of the progress that our American friends are making 
in their self-imposed task of civilising the Philippine 
Islands. From the economic point of view the 
mineral production is not important, its total value 
being given as 3,514,745 pesos (356,120l.), two-thirds 
of which is made up of such items as clay pots, bricks, 
lime, sand, gravel, etc., which are not usually in- 
cluded amongst mineral productions. The only 
mineral of any real importance is gold, of which 
27,582 fine ounces were produced, valued at 118,794l., 
this being treble the production of the previous year. 
It is interesting to note that there is a small produc- 
tion (141 tons) of charcoal pig-iron, consumed in 
making castings, such as pots and ploughshares, for 
the local market. It is greatly to be regretted that 
the coal output shows a very serious falling off from 
20,000 tons to 2720 tons. The fact that the report is 
issued uncut is presumably due to the still rudi- 
mentary stage of civilisation so far attained in the 
Philippines. 
The Canadian Department of Mines is conducting 
an elaborate investigation into the preparation and 
properties of metallic cobalt and its alloys, with the 
object of increasing the demand for this metal, and 
thus giving greater economic value to the large 
deposits containing it at Cobalt, Ontario. The re- 
searches are being conducted under Dr H. T. Kalmus 
at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, and the 
results of the first portion of the investigation have 
just been published in a bulletin of the Department 
of Mines. This portion deals entirely with the pre- 
paration of metallic cobalt by the reduction of the 
oxide, the reducing agents employed being respec- 
tively carbon, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and 
aluminium. The results of the experiments are given 
with great—perhaps with excessive—detail, and show 
that, as might have been expected, all the above 
agents can reduce oxide of cobalt completely under 
suitable conditions; there is thus little that is new, 
except that the temperatures at which the reactions 
take place have been carefully recorded. 
THREE out of every five great earthquakes occur 
along the borders of the Pacific Ocean, and, in the 
western and more active margin, one of the most 
sensitive districts is that consisting of the Philippine 
Islands. During the year 1913 there were, according 
to the Rev. M. Saderra Masd, 160 shocks important 
f 
