8 Oo 
NALRORE 
| NovEMBER 22, 1906 
per cent. Magyar, 0.828 per cent. German, 0-081 per 
cent. Croat, 0-059 per cent. Slovak, and 0.005 per cent. 
Wend. 
The description of the daily life and industries of 
the inhabitants of the district of Balaton is of especial 
Fic. r.—Ancient Artificial Cave Dwellings n the District of Lake Balaton. 
interest. Some of the people live in artificial caves 
dug out on the hill-sides, in what, from the photo- 
graphs, look like deposits of loess. Some of 
and they are explained by Dr. 
Janko as having been occupied 
when a slope led up to them, and 
before denudation had cut back 
the ground and left the ends of 
the old excavations like hanging 
tunnels on the face of the cliff. 
The author figures the pictur- 
esque mud - walled, thatched 
houses, and the carved wooden 
furniture, and describes the in- 
dustries, of which the most in- 
teresting is his account of the 
fishery. He describes the regu- 
lations of the Fishers’ Guild, and 
the methods of fishing, from the 
fire-hollowed, flat-sterned canoes 
(bottich schiffe), from  sledges 
used on the ice in winter, and 
by the fish traps composed of 
labyrinthine fences. 
The archeology of Lake Bala- 
ton is described by Gyula Rhé. 
There are tools and flakes of the 
Stone age, numerous implements 
and pottery of the Bronze age, 
and well-preserved remains of a 
Roman settlement at Pogany- 
telek. 
The three sections of the first 
volume deal with seasonal plant 
distribution and with the physical characters of 
the lake water. The work on phenology was begun 
by Dr. Moriz Staub, and continued by Dr. 
Bernatsky; extensive observations on the 
blooming of Galanthus nivalis, Corylus 
NO. 1934, VOL. 75] 
avellana, 
these 
cave-dwellings are high up in the face of the cliff, 
| are represented by 
time of | 
and Cornus mas have been used to map out the part 
of Hungary between the Danube and the Drave into 
seven zones, characterised by the earliness or late- 
ness of the vegetation. ‘ 
ation of the physical characters of the 
lake water has been conducted 
by Dr. von Cholnoky and Baron 
Harkanyi. The former has de- 
termined the transparency of the 
water under different conditions 
of wind.and season, and its es- 
sential colour, which varies from 
the highest to the middle num- 
bers (11-6) in Forel’s scale. He 
also discusses the influence of 
movements of the water on its 
colour, and the complex colour 
and light effects produced by 
wind and ripples. The sky has 
an especially powerful effect on 
the colour, as the lake is in open 
plains with low banks; but dif- 
ferent colours are seen under the 
same sky conditions, and they 
are explained as _ polarisation 
effects. The apparent uplift of 
hills by mirage is illustrated by 
a telephotograph, and by a series 
of views showing the different 
elevation of distant hills under 
varying conditions of refraction. 
The discussion of the colour ef- 
fects is illustrated by excellent 
sketches. showing colour effects 
on the shores of the lake under different climatic con- 
ditions, and is followed by an investigation by Baron 
Harkanyi on reflection effects from moving water. 
The reports on the biological sections of the work 
The investig 
Fic. 2.—Fish Traps on Lake Balaton. 
two sections. A monograph of 
the diatoms by Dr. Josef Pantocsek gives a system- 
atic account of the 288 species, many of which are 
new. The Mollusea are catalogued by Dr. Weiss and 
Theodor Kormos. Dr. Weiss’s list raises the number 
