164 
NATURE 
| DecEMBER 13, 1906 
seconds. The longest were somewhat over-exposed near 
the limb, and showed structure to about three-quarters the 
lunar diameter. Six photographs were taken with the 
Bredikhine coronagraph, the first of which only was 
successful, most of the others being much over-exposed. 
On the good plate the star p Leonis was photographed, 
thereby giving an accurate means of orienting the plates 
for determining the position angles of the prominences and 
coronal streamers. These values are tabulated for the 
more important streamers. M. Hansky considers that the 
results obtained confirm the idea that the corona varies, 
not only in form, but in brightness and spectrum, with the 
sun-spot period. During this last eclipse the brightness 
was probably ten times that of the full moon, while at 
epochs of minimum spots the corona has only been about as 
bright as the full moon. Owing to the sky being frequently 
clouded over, the actinometric observations are of only 
small importance, but the character of the record obtained 
indicates that Crova’s instrument is very convenient for 
such investigations. 
Shadow bands were observed before the commencement 
of totality, the direction of their displacement on the ground 
being from west to east. They were badly defined at their 
edges, but became more definite as totality approached. 
They appeared of a brownish colour, and moved with a 
velocity of 2-3 metres per second, the motion being appar- 
ently oscillatory, and not translatory. Their distance apart 
was not more than 25 centimetres. Other observations 
made at Amposta showed the bands to be 5-7 cm. wide 
and 10-15 cm. apart, the displacement being from north- 
west to south-east. At the end of totality the corona dis- 
appeared immediately, and no shadow bands were seen. 
The sunlight appeared to return suddenly, without any 
gradual change such as was observed before totality. 
Cartes P. BUTLER. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 
INTELLIGENCE. 
Oxrorp.—The following examiners have been ap- 
pointed :—In zoology, Dr. J. W. Jenkinson, Exeter College ; 
in preliminary physics, R. E. Baynes, Christ Church; in 
preliminary chemistry, H. B. Hartley, Balliol College; 
in preliminary animal physiology, Prof. F. Gotch, Mag- 
dalen College; in preliminary zoology, R. W. T. Giinther, 
Magdalen College ; in medicine, Dr. A. E. Garrod, Christ 
Church; in organic chemistry, N. V. Sidgwick, Lincoln 
College ; in materia medica, Dr. R. Stockman; in anatomy, 
Prof. A. Thomson, Exeter College ; in physiology, Dr. 
H. M. Vernon, Magdalen College ; in pathology, Prof. G. 
Sims-Woodhead; in forensic medicine, Dr. H. H. Little- 
john; in surgery, D’Arcy Power, Exeter College; in 
obstetrics, J. S. Fairbairn, Magdalen College. 
Dr. J. W. Jenkinson, Exeter College, has been appointed 
lecturer in comparative and experimental embryology. 
T. Lindsay, Glasgow University, has been elected to a 
Brakenbury scholarship in natural science at Balliol 
College. 
An examination for a Radcliffe travelling fellowship of 
the annual value of 200l., tenable for three years, will 
commence on February 26, 1907. Intending candidates 
should send their names to the regius professor of medicine 
by February 9- 
Campripce.—Mr. A. G. Tansley, assistant professor of 
botany at University College, London, has been appointed 
lecturer in botany in succession to Mr. A. C. Seward, who 
has succeeded the late Prof. Marshall Ward in the chair 
of botany. 
The Vice-Chancellor has published a further list of 
donations to the benefaction fund, which has now reached 
a sum of 96,400l. 
Mr. ‘T. G. Bedford, of Sidney Sussex College, has been 
appointed assistant demonstrator at the Cavendish Labor- 
atory to hold office from January 1, 1907, to September 30, 
191T. 
NO. 1037, VOL. 75 | 
Prof. B. Hopkinson has been appointed chairman of the 
examiners for the mechanical sciences tripos, 1907. 
The Arnold Gerstenberg studentship (1906) has been 
awarded to A. E. Baker, Trinity College, for an essay 
entitled ‘A Critical Examination of Descartes’ Philo- 
sophy of Nature.” 
The special board for biology and geology has adjudged 
the Walsingham medal for 1906 to W. E. Agar, for his 
essay on ‘‘ Researches into the Embryology of the Dipnoi,”’ 
and W. L. Balls, for his essay entitled “* Studies of 
Egyptian Cotton.” 
It is proposed that, in accordance with a recommend- 
ation of the general board of studies, a university lecturer 
in hygiene be appointed for a period of five years, in con- 
nection with the special board for medicine, and with an 
annual stipend of tool. payable out of the funds in the 
hands of the State Medicine Syndicate. 
The authorities of Gonville and Caius College, having 
decided to close their chemical laboratory at the end of 
the present academic yearn a syndicate was appointed on 
November § to consider the assignment of a site tor the 
extension of the chemical laboratory. The conclusion 
arrived at is that, of the sites available, the one site 
which is not liable to considerable objection lies between 
the chemical laboratory and the new medical schools, with 
a frontage next Pembroke Street. 
The antiquarian committee recommends that it be 
authorised to hire an old malting house at Newnham for 
a period of five years in which to store some of the collec- 
tions under its charge. The need for a new museum of 
ethnology and archeology is indeed becoming pressing. 
The University has assigned a site for such a building, 
and a building fund has been started by Baron von Hiigel,; 
curator of the museum, but until that fund is very con- 
siderably augmented the University will be compelled to 
store away many of its treasures in a building inaccessible 
to students, and quite unworthy of the treasures it con- 
tains. The committee also recommends that the numerous 
small sums which it receives from the financial board for 
the upkeep of the museum be consolidated, and that an 
annual grant of 4201. be placed at its disposal for each of 
the five years 1907 to Igrt. 
Tur fourth annual prize distribution of the Sir John 
Cass Technical Institute was held on December 4, when 
Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S., delivered an address 
and distributed the prizes. The chair was taken by Sir 
Owen Roberts, chairman of Sir John Cass’s foundation. 
In reviewing the work of the institute, Sir William Ramsay 
dwelt upon the scope and aims of those who follow the 
study of science with the view of making discoveries, whose 
main object is to extend the boundaries of science and 
to gain knowledge, in contrast with tho who, on the 
one hand, restrict their work to duties of a ..ore mechanical 
character, involving less responsibility, and are satisfied 
with the discharge of their daily task, and with those, on 
the other, who find their work ard interest in the direc- 
tion and guidance of business concerns and in the control 
of their fellow-men. The comparative rewards and the 
| nature of the successes of these various classes of workers 
were contrasted, and the possibilities of the institute in 
training studénts to fill one or more of these different 
spheres of activity were outlined. Turning to the awards 
made on the work of the past session, Sir William Ramsay 
advised students 10t to aim at prizes; if prizes come, well 
and good, but aey should not be the object of work. 
The chief aim, he said, should be to get on with the work 
in hand, to do it as well as possible, even if the labour 
brings no immediate reward, and to seck for Knowledge ; 
for the great thing in life generally is to be, and not to 
get. Previous to the distribution, Mr. George Baker, chair- 
man of the institute committee, made a short statement of 
the work of the institute, in which he pointed out that 
its relation to the industries of East London is beginning 
to be known and appreciated by manufacturers, and ex- 
pressed the hope that it would in the course of time prove 
a real and progressive help to the’ trades and industries of 
the district. 
