DECEMBER 20, 1906] 
WA T ORE 
ture and stratigraphy of the district, and such features as 
mesas, slip faults, and lake basins are incidentally de- 
scribed. The well-known Wyoming beds are still tenta- 
tively retained in the Triassic system on very poor evidence, 
and notwithstanding the different interpretation placed 
upon them by Mr. Darton. The main purpose of the paper 
is to explain the position of the oil-bearing beds at Boulder. 
These are shown to be irregular sandstones in the Pierre 
shales (Cretaceous). The paying beds are limited to a 
narrow line over the crest of a shallow anticline and 
over one or two subsidiary folds. Much time and money 
appear to have been wasted through carelessness in keep- 
ing the journals of bore-holes, and by the reckless ‘* shoot- 
ing ’’ of the wells. 
Not long ago we had occasion to notice a bulletin by 
Mr. T. N. Dale dealing with the much-discussed Taconic 
area. The same author has now (Bulletin No. 272°) 
called upon his long experience of the region to produce 
in a pamphlet, of no more than fifty pages, a charmingly 
lucid exposition of its physical geography. With the maps, 
sketches, and photographs, this will be an ideal guide- 
book to the district for intelligent students. 
In Professional Paper No. 43* Mr. Lindgren gives a 
detailed description of one of the largest copper-producing 
districts in the United States. The oldest rocks are pre- 
Cambrian granites and schists; over them lie Palaeozoic 
formations, comprising Cambrian 
quartzites, Ordovician limestones, 
shales possibly of Devonian age, and 
pure limestones of the Carboniferous. 
Resting unconformably upon _ the 
Palzozoic strata are Cretaceous shales 
and sandstones. After the deposition 
of the latter formation, a second 
granitic intrusion, with dioritic por- 
phyries, penetrated the rocks in 
sheets, laccolites, and dykes. Then 
there followed a period of uplift and 
faulting, succeeded by great volcanic 
effusions of basalt, rhyolite, and some 
andesite. A remarkable Quaternary 
deposit, the Gila conglomerate, at the 
foot of the mountains bears witness 
to the erosion that has exposed the 
older rocks in the centre of the dis- 
trict. 
The ore deposits are primarily de- 
pendent upon the intrusions of por- 
phyry; where it came in _ contact 
with the limestones and shales of the 
Palzozoic series extensive contact 
metamorphism resulted, not only near 
tackles problems of local water supply could not be better 
exemplified than by Professional Paper No. 44." Naturally 
the greater part of this bulky volume is occupied by 
material of purely local interest, that is, with detailed 
descriptions of well sections, but the brief outline of the 
geology of Long Island and an account of the elaborate 
procedure adopted for determining the rate of flow in 
underground water are capable of more general appli- 
cation. 
British geologists will be interested to note the sug- 
gestion to use the terms ‘“‘ wold’’ and “‘vale”’ in a 
restricted sense to replace the rather loose use of escarp- 
ment and cuesta, which are here more precisely defined ; 
but of more importance, and quite opportune, are Mr. 
Veatch’s conclusions as to the cause of the folding of 
strata at Gay Head; this he unhesitatingly ascribes to the 
thrust or- drag of a continental ice-sheet. The volume is 
liberally supplied with maps. 
The fifth volume of the General Reports of the Mary- 
| land Geological Survey? is, as usual, a businesslike and 
well-finished production. It contains the second report on 
| the magnetic work in Maryland, by L. A. Bauer; the 
the main mass, but within the range of influence of the | 
numerous dykes. The limestone has suffered most, in some 
cases being converted into an almost solid mass of garnet. 
Magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and zinc blende appear to 
have been intruded into the altered rock from the porphyry 
magma. Subsequently, oxidising waters have converted 
the sulphides into carbonates; malachite and azurite are 
the most common ores. The zinc blende has been carried 
away as zinc sulphate. The magnetite and garnet have 
been much decomposed, yielding silica and limonite. 
These ore bodies, though somewhat irregular, are mostly 
worked along the bedding, frequently by tunnels, since 
they lie at no great depth. In addition to the above ore 
bodies, there are numerous veins of pyrite, chalcopyrite, 
and zinc blende; these have been greatly enriched by the 
secondary deposition of chalcocite on the pyrites, both in 
the veins themselves and in the adjoining impregnated 
porphyry. Some interesting observations are made on the 
action of sulphuric acid solutions, and on the influence 
exerted by kaolin in enriching the ore. A new mineral 
species, coronadite, a lead-bearing manganite, is de- 
scribed on pp. 103-5. 
This paper contains a good deal of interesting matter, 
and is illustrated by good maps and a series of capital 
photomicrographs of the ores within the rocks. 
The thoroughness with which the U.S. Geological Survey 
1 Bulletin No. 272. ‘‘ Taconic Physiography.” By T. N. Dale. (1995: 
2 Professional Paper No. 43. ‘‘ The Copper Deposits of the Clift2- 
Morenci District, Arizona.”” By W. Lindgren. (1905.) 
third report on the highways of Maryland, by A. N. 
Johnson; and an elaborate report on the coal deposits of 
the State, by Prof. W. B. Clark and others. 
Bulletin No. 268* contains a descriptive account of 
Fic. 1.—Bald of Big Yellow Mountain, Mitchell County, N.C. From ‘‘Southern Appalachian 
Forests.” 
Foraminifera ‘collected by Prof. J. C. Branner from the 
Monterey shale on Rancho del Encinal, near Asuncion 
Station, in San Luis Obispo County, California. The 
reader is left in some confusion after studying the brief 
prelude to the detailed descriptions of Foraminifera, for 
Prof. Branner, who writes the geological introduction, 
makes it clear that the shaly series is very frequently 
sandy, and definite interbedded sandstones are not un- 
common. On the other hand, Mr. Blagg (p. 11) makes 
the statement that ‘‘ The absence of the arenaceous genera 
undoubtedly shows the purity of the waters in oceanic 
circulation during the Miocene, and this evidence is still 
further substantiated by the fine argillaceous and silt 
character of the deposit in which the Foraminifera are 
deposited (sic). The Foraminifera, in fact, constitute a 
large portion of the entire mass of the marl itself.’ On 
the previous page (p. 10), however, Prof. Branner says, “‘ the 
bulk of this shale is made of diatom skeletons.’’ Plate i., 
representing a sandstone intrusion in the Monterey shale, 
is by no means a convincing illustration. 
The fossils described in Bulletin No. 266* 
collected from the Malone Mountain and the 
were all 
immediate 
1 Professional Paper No. 44. ‘‘ Underground Water Resources of Long 
Island, New York.” By A. C. Veatch, C. S. Slichter, I. Bowman, 
W. O. Crosby, and R. E. Horton. (19c6.) 
2 Vol. v. Maryland Geological Survey. 1905.) A 
3 Bulletin No. 268. ‘‘ Miocene Foraminifera from the Monterey Shale of 
California.” By R. M. Bagg, jun. (1905.) ; ; 
4 Bulletin No. 266. ‘! Paleontology of the Malone Jurassic Formation 
of Texas.” By F. W. Cragin, with notes by T. W. Stanton. (r1905-) 
