The Geology of the O. and P. S. Railway. 167 



From Carp to Kinburn, which is the next station, going 

 west, the country is clay covered and rock ledges do not appear ; 

 but the Black River limestones continue to the south, and about 

 two miles east of Kinburn, on the road noith of the railway, a 

 large quarry in this rock affords excellent opportunities for 

 collecting the characteristic fossils of the formation. South of 

 Kinburn station a drive of six- miles over a good road brings 

 one to Pakenham, where the Black River formation is also well 

 exposed on the Mississippi River and where fossils can be 

 obtained in the bed of the stream at low water in great abund- 

 ance. This is an excellent locality for their study and very con- 

 venient of access. Thence towards Galetta, the road, after 

 following the valley of the Carp River for a mile or so, enters the. 

 low ridge of the Laurentian again and furni-shes a good oppor- 

 tunity for observing the relations of the granites, gneisses and 

 associated limestones till Galetta is reached. These rocks can 

 also be well seen at this latter place and the intrusive dykes are 

 easily recognized. About a mile and a half from the station on 

 the road to Fitzroy Harbor, and a short distance north of the 

 channel of the Mississippi, an old opening in limestone for a 

 lead mine is an interesting point for mineralogical study, the 

 association of the eruptive dykes being well seen at this place. 



At Fitzroy Harbor, four miles from Galetta, are the cele-. 

 brated Chats Falls, probably the most beautiful in the whole 

 course of the Ottawa River. The water falls in a series of 

 cascades over a huge dyke of granite extending across 

 the entire channel of the river which here has a breadth 

 ot two miles or more, thus furnishing a magnificent 

 water power, destined at no distant day to be utilized, and 

 equal in economic importance to that of the Chaudiere in this 

 city. This locality is a very interesting one to the geologist 

 since the crystalline limestones are here largely developed 

 and there is also a great variety of intrusives associated with 

 them. 



The crystalline limestones extend to Arnprior, which is 

 situated at the junction of the Madawaska and the Ottawa 



