132 



Canada were not sufficiently afforded to be of much value. At this 

 date, however, 1860, three names come prominently into view in con- 

 nection with the geology of the province, viz., those of Hartt, Bailey 

 and Matthew. These gentlemen began a careful study of the rock 

 formations about St. John and soon obtained large collections of fossils 

 from various points, many of which were handed to Sir William Dawson 

 for determination, and his papers on the subject form the basis of the 

 second stage of New Brunswick geology. 



In 1862-63, Hartt, after a careful study of certain fossils from the 

 St. John slates, discovered the fact that these were the equivalents of 

 those which had been determined by Barrande, in Boh"emia, as character- 

 istic of the primordial or earliest known fossiliferous zone. This dis- 

 covery of Hartt's was of the greatest importance, as establishing a scien- 

 tific basis for the determination of the sequence of strata. The con- 

 clusions then arrived at were published in a small volume issued by 

 Bailey on the geology of the southern part of the province, and, as a 

 result, the crystalline rocks, which resembled in many respects those of 

 the oldest formations in Canada, fell naturally into their proper place 

 at the base of the geological scale, and upon this foundation the super- 

 structure of New Brunswick geology was speedily reared. 



The last paper published on the geology of this province, prior to 

 the extension in that direction, of the work of the Geological Survey, 

 was by Prof. H. Y. Hind, in 1865, in which he dealt very fully, not 

 only with the geological structure as a whole, but devoted much atten- 

 tion to the consideration of its mineral resources. In this paper, Prof. 

 Hind instituted some comparisons between the rocks of the interior and 

 those of eastern Quebec, or that portion known as the Quebec group, 

 but differed in some respects from the opinions expressed by Bailey in 

 his volume of the previous year on the southern portion of the province, 

 as to the age of the rocks which had been found to underlie the Cam- 

 brian fossiliferous sediments. 



The Geological Survey of Canada, whose operations have now been 

 extended to every part of the Dominion, has had an existence of nearly 

 fifty years. While it may seem almost superfluous to devote any time 

 to the history of its inception, it is possible that there may be some 

 present who are not perfectly familiar with the early struggles and dis_ 



