A, Henfrey on the Higher Cryptogamous Plants. 31 
in considerable number in the water, and contain one large or 
several small granules, and in them the spiral filaments are ap- 
parently produced ; but the actual course of development was not 
observed. In one case a spiral filament was seen half way out of 
the spore-cell in active rotation, finally emerging completely, so 
that the moving spiral filaments are probably developed in the 
vesicles, while these are still contained within the spore-cell. 
o actual connection of these moving spiral filaments or sper- 
matozoa with the so-called ovules has yet been traced. 
Riizocarpee.—Almost from the earliest period of the study of 
Cryptogamons plants, attempts have been made to prove the ex- 
istence of distinct sexes in the Rhizocarpex, various parts of the 
structure being regarded by different authors as analogues of the 
stamens and pistils of flowering plants. Bernard de Jussien* went 
so far as to class them ( Piludaria glob. and Marsilea quad.) with 
the Monocotyledons, with Lemna, considering the large spore- 
sacs as pistils and the small ones as stameus. 
~ Others have sought the male organs in the hairs upon the leaves 
or les ;+ but the rest of the numerous authors who have 
Written on the subject, have either denied the distinction of sexu- 
ality altogether, or are agreed in considering the large spores as 
either ovaries or ovules, the small spores as pollen-grains. Ex- 
periments have frequently been made upon the generative powers 
‘the two kinds of spores. Paolo Savi found that the large 
spores of Salvinia would not germinate alone, and therefore he 
regarded the small ones as anthers. Duvernoy,§ on the contrary, 
States that he saw the large spores of Salvinia germinate when 
separated from the small ones, and therefore he did not regard the 
latter as anthers, but only rudiments. Bischoff, || who minutely 
described the structure of the European species, said that in his 
experiments the large spores of Salvinéa germinated as well with- 
out the small granules as with them. Agardh{ saw the large 
Spores of Piluluria germinate separately, but later than those 
united with the anthers. Pietro Savi** made careful observations 
Marsilea Fabri, The separated large spores did not germinate ; 
they did not even produce the stationary green papilla observed 
W Salvinia by Pietro Savi. Dr. ©. Millert{t found that the large 
* Hist. de Acad, Roy, des Se, 1739.andJ740. +. Micheli, Linnwus and Hedwig. 
Biblioth. Italian, xx. : § Dis. de Salv. nat. d&c., 1825. 
Ova Acta xiy, and C togam Gew, 2, 1828, i 
a ieee > Past 4 Ann, des Sci Nat, 1837. 
tt Ann, des Sci. Nat,, 1837. tt Flora, 1840. 
