Influence of Temperature on the Depth of Marine Species. 205 | 
north of France. Yet is it true that the species which occur in 
deep water in the ASgean are found in shallow waters of like 
temperature about the more northern coasts? If so, Lieut. Spratt’s 
conclusion, that temperature is the principal influence which gov- 
ems the distribution of marine fauna in depth as well as in lati- 
tudinal distribution, will stand as true. But we believe that 
facts do not bear out this conclusion. Deep se pecies live in 
deep seas in both regions, with but little difference in the depth 
to which they extend. They are boreal in character, when of 
iterranean origin, because they are cold water species; and 
their wide distribution is because of the wide range of tempera- 
ture for which they are fitted, rather than their fitness to endure 
a given temperature which they find at considerable depths to the 
south, and near the surface to the north. 
As this point is one of much importance, we have run over the 
recent tables of dredging, by Prof. E. Forbes, in the A2gean and 
about the British Islands,* to see how far it is borne out; and 
d other results by R. MacAndrew, Esq., at Vigo Bay, Por- 
tugal, Gibraltar, Malta and Pantellaria, Algiers and 'Tunis.T 
‘Dinar opera pee ee eee 
North Scot-|3’th Eng- , , Malta |Algiers 
° . Gibral- - land Pan- and 
0 sr gy eee ao fm Aa po Foes ae tar. am cuit “ellaria. Tunis, 
(Corba nucleus,...... 3-80 | 5-60 | 5-26 | 8-20| 7-80 | 6-50 (8; 35 
neeta cuspidata, .....| 10-80 50} 20 | 45¢t2-185 | ....| 
Sol Phaseolina, ...) 0-80%] 38-80] .... | ....| 7-80. |. | 
Pane Pellucidus, ..... 100: |) 5-60 |. aseerh cMOb xbpeetl ot-ax 1288 
imeem obia ferroensis, ., 3-90 | 5-50 | ...! | 8f/20-40 |..... 10 
ellina donacina, ....:| 1-80 | "5-40 | 2... | sess] 45} +2 [10 
truncata, 0-12 | 0-207 5- pA HAs Mi 
(iutraria elliptica,. |. 0-10 | 0-20 low wat'r 5 pot 
SSE ae 5h ae g ° eleys Mir 6-35 
. ie 5-100 | 7-50 8 | 6-40/29- 0! « 
Venus fasciata,..2./. "1 5290 | 7-50 8 27 6-50 
errucosa, ...., Kes 0-10 5 2-40 | 6-15 | 6 
VOR Bie 0-80 5-50 jlow wat’r Sipe. | S415 | 6-8 
i 7-50 Ls 
echinatum,...| 5-100} 5-50 jlittoral. | .... Bho | 
wa flexuosa, ......| 3-100 | 5-50 isis At “aa 
Kell; "area red Sng 10-100 | 15-802) 10-12 |15-25| 4-30 | 6 
hia su bicularis,..| 0-90 | 10-40 8 | ....(29-45 | 85-50, 
as ag EOE 10-50 5-25 12 (10-25) 2-50 wees 
barbata, 0...) -15 ge Lies} Pm 6-15 | 8 
tetragona, ...... < 90-80 8 0 | 35-50) 35 
Pectmeuluc we aig wrnle as = : ~ ;, o 12-20) 0-150 | 6-35 
glycimeris,| 5-80 | 5-50} 8-12 ee 
nitida,. .... , ..| 5-60 «| 5-30} 20-95 |12-40/ ..... 
Ducleus, ....., 5-100 | 5-50 | 5-25 20| 2-10 | 640 (8-35 
ver subauriculata,...| 4 15-30 | .e+.--| 35|15-8 nnd 
Sitti... 2.) 9-80 | 0-60] 20) ....;27-185 | ....| 
Maximus, .....|° 9-40 | 10-2 a ae | 35-50 | 6-8 
Opereularis,... | 9-100 | 5-50 | 8-20 (20-40/10-70 | ..../ 
Se Ss oc ol BOO 8-380 8| 7-55 | 6-15.) 
“ephipphium,..| 0-89 | 0-59 10 | ***+|20-40 | 35-50 | 6-35 
* Ren Be es ae 9: 
' Brit. Assoc., 1843; and on British Marine Zoology, ibid, 1850, 192. 
t Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1850; p. 284, + Not found living atthe depth stated. 
Secon Series, Vol. XV, No. 44—March, 1853. 
