W. Hopkins on Changes of Climate. 75 
eastern Asia, proceeding thence with a little inclination. towards 
the north until it has passed the Black Sea and arrived at the 
longitude of 20° E. As far as this point we may assume its 
sition to be unaffected by the influence of the Atlantic waters 
warmed by the Gulf-stream. This influence, however, begins 
to show itself immediately to the west of the point above-men- 
tioned, in the irregular and extensive deflection to the northward, 
which there begins to characterize this isothermal. ‘Ilhis deflec- 
tion is not entirely attributable to the Gult-stream, for the Atlan- 
tic Ocean, independently of any warming currents, would un- 
western Europe, and therefore produce northern inflections of the 
Winter isothermals, Another reason for the more northern posi- 
tion of this line in western Europe than in southeastern Asia is 
the absence of that high table-land in the former region which 
characterizes the latter. To represent these influences, I have 
drawa the isothermal for our supposed case so as tu continue to 
the coast the general northward direction which the actual line 
acquires about the 20th degree of longitude. ‘This canses it to 
meet the Atlantic on the extreme western coast of Brittany. If 
We should draw the. isothermal directly west from the meridian 
of 20° of long., it would cause the isothermal of about 24° F, 
80 pass through that point of the coast through which the line of 
=~ fF. passes as | have drawn it, so that S° is thus allowed for 
the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, independently of the Gulf- 
“ain, on the mean January temperature about these parts of the 
Coast of western Europe. The actual temperature of the west, 
Coast of Brittany for January is about 42° F., instead of 32° F., 
%it would be in the absence of the Gulf-stream, according to 
'@ Position of my imaginary isothermal for that case. I am, 
“relore, thus assigning an amount of 10° F. for the influence 
of the Gulfstream on. the January temperature of the coast of 
igh i The whole effect, therefore, of the Atlantic with the 
Gulf-stieam on that coast is thus estimated at 18° F. 
towards the north on the coast of Europe, and to the south on 
the. Oast of America, as is required by the continuity of its eur- 
"Ss AaCross America, and to the west of it, the isot : 
