eS I 
W. Hopkins on Changes of Climate. 83 
lower than that of the Falkland Islands in 50° S. latitude. But 
there are only a few observations recorded either of the January 
or the July temperatures along that southern parallel. 
- There is, on the contrary, a striking contrast between the north- 
ern and southern hemispheres with respect to the difference of 
summer and winter temperatures. 'These differences are iv all 
cases considerably greater, and in the higher latitudes much 
greater, in the northern than in the southern hemisphere. 
rom these results it would appear, that the greater or less ex- 
tent of land or sea has very little effect upon the mean annual 
temperature of an entire parallel of latitudes from the equator to 
about 45° degrees of latitude ; and that beyond that parallel the 
predominance of land diminishes, while that of sea increases the 
mean annual temperature. Also, that a predominance of sea, in 
cases, but especially in the higher latitudes, produces a greater 
equality of summer and winter temperatures. 
18. Again, let us compare the temperatures of different stations 
along the same parallel of latitude, some of these stations being 
Centrally situated as regards the continents, and others as regards 
the sea, » It should here be remarked that the temperatures of the 
Stations in the Atlantic for the 4Uth and 50th degrees of latitude 
must be regarded as partly hypothetical, because I have estimated 
them independently of the influence of the Gulf-stream. e 
following table embodies the results, deduced from Dove’s map, 
for different stations on six parallels from that of 20°'S lat. to that 
of 50°.N. Jat. inclusive : 
Hot eer | j ‘Teniperature. 
Latitud poreetnds | January July. | Difference. | Mean. 
= ° 
vB Tend, .. | RO | TR | TR | 45 F. 
ce es 4 iad ee aor | bly en a 
" é ni rane i : 
-/140 W. Sea, . V7 14 3 165 
re. 
PORra Ute Gia scclae ct weed 5 | fe 
Bo ( M40 W. veg 78 "7 1 175 
- Sea, Gd 
" . bike 65 91 26 78 
a. See { 40 W. aa j "1 5 135 
Wee miu. § 100 We Sea, 71 785 75 74°75 
He: : 81: 25:5 68°75 
jena. f io W ad a sé - Te 95 
jo Ci s0-wisea, ! 62 725 | 108 67-25 
© Raat ae 48 FE. Land. 32 79 44 555 
| 0° ; ~e Red oe _ a 24 86 
. 90 W. / 
170 W. os 54 59 5 56:5 
8 ; 0 m1 71 355 
Oe Ml... 30 w. a 26 61 35 43°5 
1) ObWitend |. | (0 61 61. 305 
Wes, | 8 &3 ig oe 
