42 RAMALEY: XEROPHYTIC GRASSLANDS AT 
TABLE I 
MEAN TEMPERATURES IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT. THOSE AT TOLLAND AND BRYAN 
MOUNTAIN ARE ESTIMATED, EXCEPT FOR JULY AND AUGUST AT TOLLAND 






Boulder 5,340 ft. Tolland 8,889 ft. | Bryan Mt. 11,000 ft. 
MOY. eta i es 56 } 42 35 
BAG: Ree ios nee Nie Uae gie 65 | 51 44 
BY iG oe at ee i 70 57 50 
ANCNM Eyes oA ae es 70 | Sk 48 
Septeniber ny ests eee: 64 } 46 39 
TABLE II 
SOIL TEMPERATURES IN DEGREES F AHRENHEIT OF DRY GRASSLAND AT THREE TYPICAL 
ALTITUDES; NUMEROUS OBSERVATIONS AT 3 DM. DEPTH 










Boulder 5,340 ft. Tolland 8,889 ft. | Bryan Mt. 11,000 ft. 
Mayer a a ie oe 55 
FUNC. er eel Ran 64 54 
PS sy a oe 72 64 58 
AUBUSt Ce Poo ee 70 62 56 
pepteiber G8 os Oe, sy 64 58 ; Sa 


Note.—Since readings of soil temperature were taken in the daytime they are 
somewhat above the true average. Data for Bryan Mountain are rather fragmen- 
tary and figures may have to be revised later. Probably the May soil temperature 
at Bryan Mountain is very low, close to freezing in the early part of the month. 
cipitation. The mean annual rainfall at Boulder is 18 inches, at 
Tolland probably 28 inches, and at Bryan Mountain it can safely 
be estimated at 38 inches. April is the wettest month at all the sta- 
tions. At the higher altitudes the greater rainfall and cooler tem- 
perature make the grasslands more mesophytic than those of plains 
and foothills. 

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES 
A list of the species characteristic of xerophytic grasslands at 
various elevations is given below. Only spermatophytes and 
pteridophytes are recorded; lower plants, aside from parasitic 
fungi, are almost entirely unrepresented in dry grassland. It is of 
importance to note that in montane and subalpine situations, due 
to the more congenial climatic features mentioned above, a num- 
ber of species, which in the lowlands are confined to moister soil, 
may be regular components of dry grassland. This distinction 
is brought out in the list: the letter x signifies that the species is 
present in dry grassland at that altitude; the letter 0 means that 
the species is found in moister places rather than in dry grassland 
at the altitude indicated. The letter s means that the species 
occurs at the altitude named, but only in special situations (where 
warm or protected) and is not a true component of dry grassland. 
