Chemistry and Physics. - 429 
(5.) Stearic ether is not an acid compound, but is simply CseHssOz 
CsH;O 
§U. 
(6.) Anthropic acid is a mixture of about 7 parts of palmitic acid 
and 5 parts of stearic acid. 
(7.) Margaric acid is a mixture of about 10 parts of palmitic with 1 
part of stearic acid. 
8.) The solid portion of human fat consists only of stearin and 
palmitin. In this fat palmitin predominates while stearin makes up the 
great mass of mutton fat, ; 
(9.) Neither Stearophanic nor margaric acids are contained among 
the products of the saponification of spermaceti. The acids resulting 
from this saponification are the stearic, palmitic, cetic, myristic and 
ic. 
(10.) The supposed pure ethal is a mixture of two alcohols, Ethal 
and Stethal (hydrate of oxyl of cetyl and hydrate of oxyd of stethyt). 
oe) Ethal consists of C22HssO0+HO and Stethal of CaceHsz 
0. 
(12.) Spermaceti consists of compounds of the oxyds of cetyl and 
Stethyl with stearic, palmitic, cetic, myristic and cocinic acids.—Pogg, 
2. W. G. 
Ann., Ixxxvii, 553, No. 12, 1852 
8. On the manufacture of Glycerin; by CamrBELt Morrit, M.D.— 
Glycerin is generally made, on the large scale, either by directly sa- 
Ponifying oil with oxyd of lead; or from the ** waste,” or spent leys of 
Soap makers. The first mode of obtaining it, is complex and ex- 
pensive, while in the latter, the difficulty of wholly separating the sa- 
line matters of the waste” renders it impossible to obtain a perfectly 
pure product, In view of these obstacles, and the increasing demand 
for the article, both in medicine and perfumery, I submit a new pro- 
fess which has been found, by actual practice, to combine the great 
and desirable advantages of economy of time, labor an money. 
Take one hundred pounds of oil; tallow, lard or “ stearin, (pressed 
rd,) place it ina clean iron bound barrel, and melt it by the direct 
§pplication of a current of steam. While still fluid and hot, add 15 
Pounds of lime, previously slaked and made into a milk with 2} gal- 
lons of water, then cover the vessel, and continue the steaming for 
sveral hours, or until the completion of the saponification. This is 
known when a sample of the resulting and cooled soap gives a smoot 
and lustrous surface on being scraped with the finger nail, and breaks 
With a cracking noise. By this treatment, the fat is decomposed, its 
acids unite with the lime to form insoluble lime soap, while the elimin- 
~¢ glycerin remains in solution in the water along with the excess of 
lime. “A fter it has been sufficiently boiled, it is‘allowed to cool and 
‘title, and is then to be strained through a crash cloth. 
_*he soap is reserved for sale to stearic candle makers, or else may 
be feconverted into saleable fat by the process given at pp. 432 
Morfir’s « Applied Chemistry.” : - 
The strained liquid contains only the glycerin and excess of lime. 
It must be carefully concentrated by steam heat. During evaporation, 
® Portion of the lime is deposited on account of its lesser solubility in hot 
than in cold wai The remainder is removed by treating the evapo- 
ter. t 
Tated liquid with a current of carbonic acid gas, boiling by steam heat 
