EvANS: THREE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ASTERELLA 477 
winged; in F. macropoda (as already noted) the appendages are 
said to be merely lanceolate (nothing further being stated about 
the apices), and the spores are described as 63 u in diameter and 
lobate-cristate. It has aleady been shown that the spores of 
F, macropoda usually (if not always) exceed 63 u in diameter; 
and it will at once be obvious that the other differences noted are 
of very slight significance. 
A. macropoda occupies a somewhat unique position in the genus. 
The structure of the green tissue and the frequent occurrence of 
a female inflorescence on a long branch derived from a dichotomy 
indicates a relationship with A. Lindenbergiana and A. venosa, 
while the short ventral male branches and the not unusual occur- 
rence of a female inflorescence on a more or less abbreviated ven- 
tral branch indicates a relationship with A. elegans. Perhaps the 
relationship to A. Lindenbergiana is as close as any, the deep 
purple pseudoperianths being a very striking feature which 
both species exhibit. The spores, however, are essentially unlike, 
those of A. macropoda being brown and covered over with a coarse 
network, while those of A. Lindenbergiana are purple and covered 
over with a much finer and more irregular network. A. Linden- 
bergiana is further distinguished by its more extensive compact 
tissue and sharper keel, by its smaller and usually narrower scale- 
appendages, by its frequently paroicous inflorescence, and by the 
shorter lobes of its female receptacle. From A. venosa, with which 
Spruce compares his species, it differs in the possession of lateral 
intercalary branches, in its larger epidermal pores and less extensive 
compact tissue, in its autoicous inflorescence, in its purple pseudo- 
perianths with more divisions, and in its darker, larger and coarsely 
reticulate spores. 
3. Asterella boliviana (Steph.) comb. nov. 
Fimbriaria boliviana Steph. Spec. Hepat. 6: 11. 1917. 
Thallus yellowish green above, usually purple on the ventral 
surface and along the margin, mostly I—1.5 cm. long and 4-6 mm. 
wide, more or less concave, especially when dry, the margins 
vaguely undulate-crispate, sometimes erect or incurved when dry, 
branching intercalary and lateral (so far as observed), keel broad 
and rounded: epidermis composed of cells with distinctly thickened 
walls, sometimes with indefinite trigones, averaging about 48 x 
