Vol. 46 No. 9 
BULLETIN 
OF THE 
TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 
SEPTEMBER, 1919 
The development and structure of the bulb in Cooperia Drummondii 
MARGARET B. CHURCH 
(WITH PLATES 14-16 AND NINE TEXT FIGURES) 
A survey of the literature dealing with the Amaryllidaceae 
and closely related families reveals the lack of detailed study 
of bulbs, such as modern methods of microtechnique and the com- 
pound microscope make possible. The usual textbook drawings 
of bulbs are extremely hazy as regards the nature of the vegetative 
point and even of the neighboring and slightly older members. 
The present study is submitted with the hope of supplying a more 
complete knowledge of the development and structure of a typical 
bulb, together with diagrammatic representations of the same. 
HISTORICAL 
Herbert (13), in his discourse on the Amaryllidaceae, states 
that the genus Cooperia has ‘‘black shelly seeds.” He received 
his bulbs of Cooperia Drummondii (12) from travelers and grew 
them in his greenhouse or outdoors—according to season—as 
he did his other plants for study. ‘One bulb in six months 
produced five successive scapes,’’ is his experience. ‘‘As soon as 
the seed on one scape is ripe another seems ready to rise. . . . Its 
habit appears to be to flower successively from earliest spring till 
September with leaves principally in autumn or winter.”” Flower- 
ing in the greenhouse at Brown University was at its best during 
March and February. No successive flowering of any one plant 
occurred extensively. Indeed it was deemed good fortune if 
{The BuLLETIN for August (46: 285-336. pl. 12, 13), was issued September 27, 1919.] 
337 

