CHURCH: THE BULB IN COOPERIA DRUMMONDII 339 
The work of Solms-Laubach (30) is known and well established 
in reputation. Tschirch (32) describes some interesting observa- 
tions in regard to the cotyledon of Lupinus during its development 
in the seedling. 
Baranetsky’s work (2) on the development of vegetative points 
in monocotyledons is exceedingly valuable, discussing as it does 
among other points the development of subepidermal cambium, 
foliar buds, ensheathing leaves, internodes and permanent tissues 
for nine specific monocotyledons. It enters into details of anat- 
omy further than the present paper makes any pretense of doing. 
A paper on the germination of the Amaryllideae by Worsley 
(36), delivered before the Royal Horticultural Society, is in- 
accurate and needs no consideration. The structure of a garlic 
bulb has been described in a general fashion by Highfield (14). 
The duration of bulb parts, the maturity of seedling plants, and 
the placing of the bulb slightly below the surface of the ground by 
means of roots formed from the base of the cotyledon are noted 
briefly. Howard (15) has experimented with the mature plants 
of Cooperia Drummondii, while working on the summer rest 
period of plants. He does not mention any studies with “‘offsets.”’ 
METHODS AND MATERIAL 
The mature bulbs for this study of Cooperia Drummondu 
were secured from the campus of the University of Texas through 
the courtesy of Dr. H. H. York, of Brown University. A portion 
of the bulbs planted in the greenhouse at Brown University 
flowered freely and produced seed, which on maturity was used 
to secure all young plants. 
The methods of microtechnique usually followed were found 
- unsatisfactory, since the bulbs of Cooperia Drummondii appear 
to be particularly troublesome material for embedding. Their 
delicate scales contain starch, a mucilaginous slime which may 
coagulate during killing and fixation, and crystals of calcium 
oxalate (see Menz, 22). The scales and stem-axis are composed 
of parenchyma cells and vascular bundles, which resist the section- 
ing individually. Material was fixed in an aqueous solution of 
Picro-acetic* acid allowed to act for twenty-four hours. A water 

* 1 gram of picric acid, I c.c. of acetic acid, and 100 c.c. of water. 
