CHURCH: THE BULB IN COOPERIA DRUMMONDII 345 
but also that as a whole the meristematic tissue of this second leaf 
occupies an area placed diagonally to the longitudinal axis and 
surrounding the primordial meristem like a collar. The primordial 
meristem is-often definitely composed of paired cells (Fics. 3 and 
6, pm), as Carano (4) has recorded for Yucca. Each new leaf 
arises from a group of subepidermal cells (Barenetskey, 2), which 
become meristematic and divide tangentially. Thus a new tissue 
is formed which, as it pushes out, becomes a future leaf. As the 
first leaf is thrust out far from the cotyledonary sheath into the 
air (FIG. 4), the cotyledon elongates and curves downward until 
it is parallel with itself and the vertical shoot, thus passing through 
an angle of 180 degrees (FIG. 4). 
THE TWO-MONTH-OLD PLANT 
When the food supply has been exhausted or drawn upon to 
the necessary extent the cotyledon, having no further need to 
serve as a haustorial organ, becomes shriveled up and dies (Fics. 5, 
and 14). With this dying off of the cotyledon the dry, hard 
seed coats with any residue of endosperm drop to 
the ground or at least cease active relations-with the ~\ 
cotyledon. \ 
The second leaf blade usually reaches daylight be- 
tween the fifty-fourth and the sixty-first day (Fic. 
14). As the first leaf sheath is surrounded by the 
basal sheath of the cotyledon, so this second leaf 
sheath is surrounded by the basal sheath of the first 
leaf, in respect to which it is distichously placed. In 
Tulipa the leaf lamina, as is well known, does not 
always develop. Henry (11) makes note of this fact 
in his discourse, ‘‘Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Laub- 
knospen.”” Even in young bulbs of Tulipa the aborted 
scale-like leaf alternates with a true leaf bearing a 
green lamina. In Cooperia Drummondii, however, the 
lamina always develops and as a result we have in this member of 
the Amaryllis family no mere sheath- or scale-leaves. The lamina 
of the leaf of Cooperia Drummondii appears to develop simultane- 
ously with its respective base. The incipient bulb is now readily 
recognizable (Fics. 5 and 14). Its outer and only scale is formed 


bulb; scale = 
5 cm. 
