354 CHURCH: THE BULB IN COOPERIA DRUMMONDII 
left undecided even then, and to disagree with some conclusions 
which Irmisch does draw, yet the ground is covered so minutely 
and the observations are presented so carefully that the work is 
worthy of our close consideration. According to Irmisch Amaryl- 
lis formosissima has in the mature bulb, considered first of all 
from the outside toward the inside, three or four leaves with 

Fic. 6. Central longitudinal section of youngest portion of mature bulb; 
camera-lucida drawing of portion cut off between dotted lines at center of PLATE 16, 
IG 17: black areas represent the flower and its subtending leaf; stippled areas 
indicate the portions of the leaves which becomes laminae; cross-hatched areas 
show the leaf bases; plain areas are primordial tissue; it is presumed that the oldest 
leaf shown is the sixth leaf—an arbitrary choice. Scale = 0.1 mm. 
closed bases. Such a leaf he terms “Schale,’’ which literally 
translated into English means ‘“‘skin” or “hull” and again has the 
derived meaning, ‘“‘bowl.” This seems a most apt scientific term, 
for one can readily understand that if the center of a bulb is 
removed, leaving only a few outer scales there is left merely a 
few skins, bowl-like in shape. Following the three or four leaves 
with closed bases, there is one leaf with an open base which sub- 
tends a flower scape. Such a leaf is termed by Irmisch ‘‘Schuppe,” 
which means “‘scale”’ (as of a fish) or ‘‘shovel” in English. Apart 
from the blade the open based leaf accompanying the flower of 
Cooperia Drummondii is shaped decidedly like a scale and with 
