CuHuRCH: THE BULB IN COOPERIA DRUMMONDII 355 
the blade attached becomes the shovel. In the case of Amaryllis 
formosissima there is in the axis of this open based leaf an axillary 
shoot or secondary branch whose terminal 
bud becomes a flower. This flowering scape 
has two leaves which are not normally devel- 9) Rey) 
oped. The flowering branch is followed by J 
three or four leaves with closed bases similar 
to the first group, but always growing smal- 
ler and more rudimentary as the primordia PIS: 7 Cross-sec- 
: tion diagrams after Ir- 
are approached. An old bulb might have isch: a, of Amaryllis 
within it four flowers with their accompany-  formossissima; b, of Ga- 
ing ‘‘Schuppen”’ and thirteen to fifteen scales. [@”/#™s ot Leucojum ; 
2 : in Galanthus and Leu- 
Usually all laminae are dead at flowering com Irmisch found 
times, Irmisch states, and the new leaves alternation between 
come always from that portion of the bulb “Schuppe” and 
ened ae ae Al Th ; 1 “Schale’’; in Cooperia 
Inside of the last wer = occasional p,.immondii and 
open leaf does not alternate with the closed Amaryllis formossisima 
leaves, so that diagrammatically Irmisch’s in- en-based leaf 
te fat: iit 3 ted as.in TEXT ‘subtending the flower 
oe eee phe ecteiasrem ta 4 - does not alternate with 
FIG. 7,a. In Galanthus and Leucojum, how- _ the closed leaves. 
ever, Irmisch does find alternation between 
Schuppe and Schale (TExtT FIG. 7, 6). The present writer has ob- 
served for Cooperia Drummondit the same relation of the two types 
of leaves as Irmisch did for Amaryllis formosissima, which again 
relates Cooperia closely to Amaryllis. In Cooperia Drummondit, 
however, the axillary bud develops only one bract besides the 
flower from its terminal primordium. This is represented dia- 
grammatically by TEXT FIGs. 2 and 9. 
The shovel-like leaf accompanying the flower is open at the 
base in Cooperia Drummondii whether the flower matures or not, 
but in Narcissus and Leucojum the base of the same type of leaf 
becomes closed if the flower never develops. In Cooperia Drum- 
mondii this leaf may belong to the lateral axis which gives rise 
to the spathe-like bract and the flower. Cooperia Drummondit 
has no stipules unless the base opposite the lamina was once formed 
by the fusion of such (TEXT FIG. 8). It seems, however, as if the 
base were here derived from a slight and all-encircling outgrowth 
of the primordial meristem of each individual leaf primordium, 
Sy 
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