214 Notes on the Drift and Alluvium of Ohio and the West. 
in a dirt bed at a depth of gravel of thirty feet, was found a log 
in a decaying state, two feet in diameter. In Jefferson town- 
ship, in the same county, three and a half miles east of the river, 
in a well twenty-seven feet deep, was a log which was taken 
for cedar. 
Mr. Christy (Letter, p. 5) gives an instance of an upright tree 
on the land of R. Becket, Esq., eight miles east of Oxford Col- 
lege, Ohio, the roots fixed in the blue hard pan at a depth of 
thirty feet, the trunk surrounded by the “ gravel drift.” 
In the well of the Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio, at thirty 
feet, after passing the yellow into the blue clay, a stick was 
found which was called pine. Near Loudon, Madison county, 
Ohio, in the blue clay beneath the yellow, timber sticks and 
leaves were struck at twenty-five or thirty feet. Prof. Cassells 
of the Cleveland Medical College, gives an instance of pine or 
resinous wood being found near Kendall in Stark county, Ohio, 
in the gravel or upper drift. 
‘hese are by no means all the instances that have come to my 
knowledge. They are principally from the blue clay, and are 
sufficiently numerous and widely diffused to establish the fact, for 
Ohio, that timber of a kind now *flourishing in North America, 
grew, and was entombed at the oldest diluvial epoch. How the 
age of these deposits will compare with that of the lower part of 
the delta of the Mississippi, may not be stated with full confi- 
dence; but the hard pan is without much doubt the oldest. 
All the cases of entombed trees which I have given, are sup- 
sed to be above the influence of our rivers as at present known, 
and intended to be given from above the “valley drift.” I will 
now give a few instances near the level of large rivers, that may 
belong to the-recent alluvium or to.the “valley drift.’ At Ma- 
rietta, between high and low water of the Ohio River, a log at 
thirty feet depth. At Portsmouth, at a depth of forty feet, an 
oak log not dec ayed, but of a dark blue color. This was taken 
out by Francis Cleveland, Esq., when constructing the Ohio Ca- 
nal, from a cut across the peninsula at the mouth of the Scioto. 
Here at the level of low water is— 
Ist. Compact sand and gravel. 
; Water-washed gravel—fifteen feet. 
3d. Fine blue marly sand, with logs, leaves and sticks in im- 
mense numbers—three to twenty feet. | 
Ath. Yellow clay, without sticks or gravel, (used for bricks)— 
fifteen to thirty feet. 
5th. Sandy loam in ridges—surface. 
No, 3 of this section is extremely like the biue marl of Lake 
Erie. The timber, sticks, é&c. of this bed, are of kinds now grow- 
img in the forests of Ohio—such as. beech, black ash, and oak ; 
and are in logs fifteen inches in diameter, sometimes burnt and 
