216 Notes on the Drift and Alluvium of Ohio and the West. 
in my reach, of stratified sands and clays above such bones; and 
this is at the bottom of a deep valley, with a stream at the level 
of the bone bed. 'There can be little doubt, but the beds cover- 
ing the bones in this case, are newer than the “valley drift.’”’* 
These are all the locations in Ohio within my knowledge, and 
i think none of them can be referred to the blue or yellow hard 
pans, which are the beds bearing the closest resemblance to the 
Champlain and North River post-pliocene, of any of our diluvial 
deposits. 'The analogy, or rather the evidence of identity or 
equivalence, arising from the fossils, may be said therefore to fail 
entirely. Whether the buried timber can be regarded as a char- 
acteristic fossil, and whether in the eastern beds it exists, I can- 
not say. Ne ither can it be confidently asserted that there are no 
shells, or no marine shells, in the Ohio deposits, until farther ex- 
aminations are made. 
facts are given free from speculations, with a view to 
elicit reflection and discussion among geologists, who have ob- 
served and theorized upon the diluvial matter of other parts of 
the United States. Perhaps there were so many different periods 
of diluvial action, or a different action at distant places at the 
same time, that the deposits in question cannot be arranged under 
the general law of superposition, and order as to age. If the 
premises I have furnished.are true, a different force brought on the 
hard pans and gravel, from that of the boulders. These must have 
been left but a short time, before the recession of the wane or 
they would have become partially or entirely covered with 
iment. The last recession must have been easy and gradual, or 
it would have mingled them with the earth, on which they rest. 
Connected with the movement of detrital matter, and perhaps 
with the transport of boulders, is the subject of the worn and stri- 
ated surface of the rocks. Diluvial grooves are common in Ohio. 
In the few observations given below of the — . the onic’ 
or scratches, only a part were determined by co 
made principally by the eye, — short lines, a ae beens oe 
degrees from the true course ‘ 
Place of observation. | On what rock. * Direction. ae ae 
: STS as 19° to 33° W. 2 
Dayton, Ohio, (Dr.Locke,)/cliff limestone iu i ins 26° W. } 219 feet. 
Lordstown, Trumbull Co., conglomerate - - say 400 ft. 
Tallmadge, Summit Co., ‘coal Gites tie N. 30° to 40° w. . feet. 
anfield, Mahoning Co | grit - o E. - + |say 600 ft. 
ae vevenogs Co., grit Nolow coal series North aia, aie aia erie 0: 
Sharon, Medina Co., - onglomer ate N. 40° Wis + | 600 
sak Sy Summit Cor . tthe), DNC OOO, Be 142 ot oh ft GUO 
Irvinsburg “ . eo oe ee ING BOOW. + ee | B00 
‘uvah . ff SR Beye Nee ge 
Co., Secu N. 30° to. 35° 'W. « 550 
Co.,.- jcoal grit: - - - JN. 30° 40° RE, - |. 650% 
Os) : “i eo eo ee North - - °° °* 600 be 
, \cliff limestone -  \Northeast by East . llake level 
* See First Ohio Report, 1838, p. 96. 
