Dr. Hare on the Theories of Electrical Phenomena. 349 
ful voltaic series and electrical machines, is not to be represented 
by any degree of disparity ; it proves that galvanism proper and 
électricity proper are heterogenous. 
47. It should be recollected that the intensity of galvanic ac- 
tion, in a series of 320 pairs, excepting the loss from conduction, 
would be to that of one pair as 320 to 1.* Of course the strik- 
ing distance of a battery of one pair would be 320 times less 
than nothing: 320 below zero. 
We may infer that the undulatory polarization of ethereo- 
ponderable matter, is the primary, direct, and characteristic effect 
of galvanic excitement, in its more energetic modifications. Yet, 
that by peculiar care in securing insulation, as in the water bat- 
teries of Cross and Gassiott, ethereal undulations may 
ion 
requisite to give sparks before contact, agreeably to the experi- 
ments of those ingenious philosophers. 
49. Hence it may be presumed, that during intense ethereo- 
ponderable polarization, superficial ethereal waves may always 
be a secondary effect, although the conducting power of the re- 
agents, requisite to the constitution of powerful galvanic bat- 
teries, is inconsistent with that accumulation of ethereal polarity 
which constitutes a statical spark-giving charge. 
50. As all the members forming a voltaic series have to be 
discharged in one circuit, the energy of the effort to discharge, 
and the velocity of the consequent undulations must be ceteris 
paribus, as the number of members which co-operate to produce 
the discharge. Of course the more active the ethereo-pondera- 
ble waves, the greater must be their efficacy, in producing ethe- 
teal waves of polarization, as a secondary effect, agreeably to the 
Suggestions above made. (49, 36.) 
ee, 
f According to Colomb’s experiments, electrical attraction and repulsion are in- 
Versely as the squares of the distances, and the inductive power of statical charges 
which is produced by those forces, and which precedes and determines the lengt 
of the resulting spark, must, of course, obey the same law. wae 
If this calculation be correct, the intensity must be as the squares of the striking 
‘ances, as indicate sparks, 
It may be urged, that the striking distances, as measured by the length of the 
Sparks, is in the compound ratio of the quantity and intensity. As to the quan- 
tity, however, galvanic sources have always been treated as preéminen ffica- 
b i . Moreover, I have found, that 
m galvanic apparatus of only one, or even o two pairs, as in the calorimotors, the 
n i square feet, of 
“ver 
y be made evident by the 
re, in a comparatively very 
