e further extension of the line to the N.W., 
over the summits of the pa volcanic frontier mountain mod- 
ern province of Achalzik, in the old country of the a ~ pa Cha- 
lybes. These mountains, which enclose the great source of cold of 
the Armenian highlands, and have been celebrated from the earliest 
time for their ungenial climate, are spe observed from the heights of 
eski mountain ang behind Abastuman. Amongst them, ‘begin- 
ning from the §.E., the Dochuspunga i es Ardagandagh, the "Arzian 
and pension singh, “ne their flat conical forms, are the most re- 
ma 
A straight line connecting the summits of the two Ararats, runs par- 
allel with the above-mentioned line, deviating 58° W. from the merid- 
rolonged in the opposite direction (viz. S.E.), it strikes the iso- 
rock pyramids of the Takjaltu near Kulpi, and of the Yelanli- 
ically the same, and with a remarkable similarity of ap- 
in an equally important geological relation to the great 
nth which are found im the mottled plan at both ex- 
the valley of the Arax At a distance of 150 wersts 
ount Ararat, the ieee ae line touches the sum- 
Degnats- Gogh, the wooded volcanic mountain mass over- 
‘the plain of Kars 
the same way we ‘draw a line from the summit of the Kasbek 
igle of 66° 30’ W, of the meridian, it will at a distance of 176 
.W., cut the summit of Elburuz, and to the S.E. at a distance 
ersts, the Djultidag risiog on the ridge of the Dagestan moun- 
above the limit of perp snow. is line however must be 
Pe n as he ap nw entire length of the whole Lower 
The i Baad mentioned relations and connexions in the relative posi- 
tion of the principal summits of woe Sse yh of Bs). Scan 
are hot merely accidental; they are important fac nich _m 
. considered as the result of theme: yea laws whigh were alluded to 
| atthe commencement of this notice. 
a _ It was well known that a forces had contributed iat eleva- 
; tion of the Caucasus in the same way as had been th regard 
pected. The geological period when these remarkable effec 
Place is, cb tg speaking, ve ry modern ; its last appearancs 
clear 2 a. in the early foie of the, history of the human race. 
Throw e whole extension of the Araxes plain up. to ey hig h 
Plaine siphiy: i go and Kars, the upper sedimentary bed is a loose _ 
calcareous tuff, which is filled with the well-preserved shells of the 
Same species of Mytilus. which still inhabits the Caspian Seat This 
Oe rare amas 
* See Hamilton's Asia Minor, vol. a. p- ee t Ibid, ere i, pp- 186 and 203. 
_ Sconp Senizs, Vol. V, No. 15.—May, , 
