5) 
there being one polar and one antipodal nucleus. As all con- 
ditions between full tetrade and embryosac-mothercell = embry- 
osac, occur, the formula is: B (or A, C or D)—I—la (or 3a). 
Broughtonia sanguinea, Coralliorrhiza maculata and Phajus 
grandiflorus according to Snarp (1912) have undergone some re- 
duction in the chalazal group by omitting the last division. 
The only two chalazal nuclei fuse and act as lower polar 
nucleus. Formula B—I—3%b. 
Bletia Shepherdi, investigated by the same author is either 
normally eight-nucleate or reduced like the foregoing. Most 
sacs, however, showed only four nuclei, more or less fusing or 
desintegrating. Evidently this phenomenon can be brought back 
to artificial growing conditions, as the author himself has 
remarked. 
Gyrostachys (Spiranthes) gracilis (Pacn, 1914) exceptionally 
develops a normal eight-nucleate embryosac. Usually however 
the primary chalazal nucleus divides only once, giving rise to 
a polar nucleus and one antipodal which sometimes stays, but 
mostly degenerates. Formula = B (or C or D)—I—8az (or 3a or la). 
Gyrostachys (Spiranthes) cernua has quite the same development, 
but occasionally a row of four megaspores is seen. Miss Pace 
referring to her figures 34 and 35 assumes the embryosac so- 
metimes to be four-nucleate. Whether these figures really 
represent four-nucleate sacs might be doubted; the dimension 
of the sac nucleus at least points to its being a fusion nucleus. 
There seems to be no reason why these sacs should not be 
originally six-nucleate like the others. Pacr’s figures 31 and 36 
show sacs with the antipodal gradually disintegrating, which 
must result in sacs like 34 and 35. 
Gastrodia elata is described by Kvsano (1915) as four-nucleate 
like Cypripedium; the primary micropylar nucleus should produce 
two synergids, the chalazal nucleus the egg and the embryosac 
nucleus. Here too a synergid should enter in triple fusion. It 
is not necessary to repeat all that has been said when criti- 
cising Pace on Cypripedium. Everyone of my remarks holds 
for Gastrodia too. Especially the fact that Kusano also ab- 
solutely failed to see the migration of a chalazal nucleus to 
