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uninhabited until 1890; in that year Hadji Djamaludin and a 
great number of coolies went to the island to clear the land. 
Having laid it out he introduced, about 20 years ago (about 1900) 
fifteen head of cattle on Sebesy and later on 20 goats and five 
horses. All these animals were housed in stables but about ten 
years ago (about 1910) some of them managed to escape. They 
have become wild and spread over the whole island and nowa- 
days they are fairly abundant. When the above-mentioned Hadji 
came to Sebesy in 1890, there was only a scanty vegetation, 
but many trees were planted by him’. 
The rest of the information I have not repeated as the Hadji 
is not very reliable in his statements, as for instance when he 
asserts that all the trees in the island are of his own planting! 
He did indeed plant large numbers of cocoanuts and a great 
many of them are now in existence near the landing, place. 
The fruits are but partly gathered; many are allowed to fall 
and sprout under the old trees so that there is everywhere a 
full undergrowth of young cocoplants. In and around the kam-_ 
pongs a good many fruit-trees have been planted and fields 
laid out for growing katella (cassava, manioc, Manihot utilis- 
sima Poll.), and others, among which grow a great variety of 
field weeds. In addition there are found a good many “ladangs” 
(dry rice-fields in clearings) likewise mixed with weeds and a 
small pepper garden, which thrives on the fertile soil and has 
evidently not yet been attacked by the dreaded pepper disease 
which causes such serious damage to the culture of this plant 
in other parts. As a result therefore of the arrival of settlers 
a number of culture plants have been introduced and their 
attendant weeds have come along, together amounting to over 
50 of the plant-species growing there now. 
It will be readily understood that man also exerts indirect 
influence by importing cattle and goats which afterwards run 
wild. According to the people settled there, there are supposed 
to be already over a thousand cattle in the island, and the 
number of goats which seem to be confined to the higher parts 
of the island is already considerable. But as the development 
of the vegetation makes rapid progress in the tropics, especially 
