13 
Only three divisions are found in Podostemon, Dicraea, Cypri- 
pedium, Helosis and Statice. While the last group (two divi- 
sions = the animal condition) shows a reduction to the utmost, 
as seen in Plumbagella. 
It will be noticed that this “system* is thoroughly one-sided. 
All possible stress is laid on the number of divisions, without 
giving any thought at all to the number, the arrangement, or 
the origin of the nuclei in the mature sac. Not even the 
origin of the sacs themselves is regarded, for representatives of 
Coutter’s mono-, bi-, and tetrasporical sacs are readily joined 
in the same group. Of the naturalness and phylogenetical aignis 
ficance of a system like this nothing needs to be said. 
Samurts’ (1912) scheme is a little more advanced. He too 
accentuates the number of divisions and uses them as main line 
for his system. (To Danueren’s four groups he added a fifth, 
with six divisions and thus more primitive than the normal 
type. This new group however can be dropped safely, since 
Dessratorr’s (1911) observation of a “monosporical* 16-nucleate 
Euphorbia proved to be wrong). As a new factor Samvgts in- 
troduced a subdivision of the groups by means of the mono-, 
bi-, or tetrasporical character of the sacs. In his system not only 
the number of divisions, but also the origin of the embryosac 
is reckoned with. Too many points however are still left out of 
consideration. Though improved the system remains artificial. 
Patm (1915) who in a more extensive study advocates the 
same scheme rightly remarks: “Das diese Avfteilung nur eine 
ktinstliche sein kann ist ja selbstverstindlich.* Its lack of phy- 
logenetical value is best shown by reproducing Patm’s scheme, 
in which the different types are called after their first repre- 
sentative known: 
5 Teilungen. 4 Teilungen. 3 Teilungen. 2 Teilungen. 
— 
1 megasp. | Normaltypus. | Codiaeumtypus. Dicraeatypus. 
2 megasp. —- Scillatypus. Te ed : —— 
Plumbagella- 
typus 
3 megasp. Si na Peperomiatypus. Liliumtypus. 
