17 
‘the total number of nuclei in the mature sac, without 
paying any attention to their origin, makes Ernst’s system 
almost as artificial as Courrer’s. For there are still many more 
factors, which show an independent line of development in the 
life history of the gametophyte. That is why a lot of abnormal 
embryosacs, discovered since Ernst published his system, could 
not be placed in his scheme. 
To complete this review of systematical and phylogenetical 
studies on Angiosperm embryosacs, we have still got to men- 
tion the publications of Campsets, of Jacossson-Sriasny and of 
Scutruorr. 
Campsenn (1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912) 
in a series of articles tried to propagate the idea that “the 
embryosacs with an increased number of nuclei are older ty- 
pes (1911). It is only the number of nuclei that counts with 
him; their origin is not thought worth much attention. Accor- 
ding to him there is a gradual passing on from the multicel- 
lular Gymnosperm type to the ordinary 8-nucleate Angiosperm 
sac: Pandanus with its 32—64 antipodal nuclei, is “really pri b. 
mitive*, and the 16-nucleate sacs of Peperomia and Gunnera > 
form the transition to the normal type. 
Emma Jacossson Sriasny (1916) rightly states “im Gegensatz 
zu Ernst, dasz die Anzahl der Kerne des reifen Embryosackes, 
im Gegensatz zu Counter, dasz die Anzahl der Teilungen allein 
noch nicht zur Charakterisierung der Stellung gentgen kann.* 
Her “kausalmechanische Darstellung* however is at least as 
one-sided as any of the older systems. The whole study is 
based on the idea of “Ernaihrungsverhaltnisse* being the only 
possible cause of any atypical number of nuclei in the embryo- 
sac. Far too much importance is attributed to the sulsgetcs of 
nuclei in the full-grown sac, and scarcely any attention is paid 
to their origin. Without further investigation the 16-nucleate 
sacs are accepted to represent a type of their own. 
Scuiruorr (1919) is only mentioned 
cation is of so recent a date. It will do to state: 
1°. That his system is based on the absolutely false sagt dan 
ees 
a Ann. Jard. Bot. Baitenz, Vol. XXXII. ee 
i * e - : 
here because his publi- 
